
Class 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



I 




THE 



c^tanger itt galtimcrte. 

A NEW HAND BOOK, containing Sketches of 
the Early History and Present Condition of 
Baltimore y with a Description of its Nota- 
ble Localities, and other Information useful 
to both Citizens and Strangers, 



" Then Commerce brought into the public walk 
The busy merchant ; the big warehouse built ; 
Raised the strong crane ; choked up the loaded street 
With foreign plenty. — On either hand, 
Like a long wintry forest, groves of masts 
Shot up their spires, the bellying sheet between 
Possessed the breezy void ; the sooty hulk 
Steered sluggish on ; the splendid barge along 
Rowed regular, to harmony; 
While deep the various voice of fervent toil 
From bank to bank increased." 

— Thomson. 




: BALTIMORE : 

COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY 

J. F. WEISHAMPEL, JR.. BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER. 

No. 8, UXDER THE " EUTAW HOUSE," 
Cor. Baltimore and Eutaio Streets* 




b' 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 
John F. Weishampel, jr., in the Clerk's OflBce of the 
District Court of Maryland. 



Stereotyped by Ryan & Ricketts. /t* r 



SflKBWOOD &, Co.,' PaiNTEES. 



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Contents. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 
List of Places Interesting to Strangers 9 

Introductory Remarks/. 13 

Early History op Baltimore 15 to 58 

General Description of the City 61 to 71 

The Water Works 73 

^wann Lake..< 73 

Hampden Reservoir 73 

Mount Royal Reservoir 74 

Lake Chapman 74 

Inscription for ths Entrance to a Wood (Poetry.) 76 

Parks and other Public Resorts 77 

Druid Hill Park 77 

Franklin Square, Union Square 80 

Lafayette Square, Patterson Park, Federal Hill 80 

Fort McHenry, etc., etc 81 

Places Visited by Excursion Steamers 82 

Monuments 83 

Washington Monument 83 

Battle Monument 85 

Odd Fellows' Monument ; 87 

McDonogh Statue 91 

Shot Tower 94 

Elevations Above Tide = 95 

Poem, on the Statue of Washington 96 

Chur6hes •• 97 

Cemeteries 107 

Greenmount Cemetery 110 

Baltimore Cemetery, Loudon Park, etc 112 

Humane Institutions 113 

Old Almshouse 113 

Bay View Asylum 114 

House of Refuge 115 

Mt. Hope Asylum » HP 



Contents. 



Maryland Hospital for the Insane 117 

Society for Improving the Condition of the Poor 118 

Asylum for the Blind : 119 

Baltimore Or*phan Asylum 119 

Children's Aid Society 120 

Manual Labor School. 120 

Union Protestant Infirmary, other Infirmaries, etc 121 

Hymn to the Citv 126 

Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies 127 

Maryland Institute .^127 

Peabody Institute ?128 

Masons 130 

Odd Fellows 131 

Total Abstinence Leao:ue 133 

Red Men, etc., etc., etc * 135 

Newspapers 139 

Markets 140 

Theatres , 142 

Hotels 145 

Jail, Fort Carroll : 146 

Rail Roads 146 

City Passenger Railway 148 

Stages to Bel Air, etc 149 

Steamers — Description of Principal Lines 149 

Various Institutions 156 

Banks 156 

Teleo^raphs, Expresses 157 

City Government and Police, Fire Alarm Telegraph, etc.158 

Regulations for Hacknky Coaches ....160 

Observations and Suggestions — Antiquities 163 

Proposed Impkovements 165 

Epitome of Historical Events in Baltimobs 169 



List of Placen and Bai dings Interesting to Strangers. 9 



LIST OF PLACES AND BUILDINGS 
INTERESTING TO STRANGERS. 

{See Page 148 /o?" Routes and Time of City Passenger Railway.) 

"TvRUlD HILL PARK and surroundings— *Woodber(?y, *Lake 

^ Chapman, &c. (See pages 73 and 77.) 

^^^ Go by the Madison Avenue Passenger Railway. On 
the route thither, commencing at the "Eutaw House," 
the Lexington Market, and the Svvedenborgian, Mount 
Calvary, Methodist and other churches are passed. This 
line also crosses Monument, street, a short distance from 
the Washington Monument. The cars run to the middle 
of the Park during the summer, but a carriage is most 
convenient for a thorough survey of its beauties- 
United States Court House, corner of Fayette and North streets. 

Battle Monument. (See page 85.) 

Washington Monutftent. (See page 83.) 

Peabody Institute. (See page 128.) 

Grace Church. 

First Presbyterian Church. (See page 98.) 

Emmanuel Church. 

J^^ By the North Baltimore Line. Cars start corner of 
North and, Baltimore streets. 

Shot Tower. (See page 95.) Seen from corner of Fayette and 

Gay streets. 
Odd Fellows' HaU. (See page 131.) 
Temperance Temple. 
Front Street Theatre. (See page 143.) 
Old "Independent" Engine House. 
Baltimore Cemetery. 

^^^ By the Franklin Square Line, going east from corner 
of Gay and Baltimore streets. 

Maryland Institute. (See page 127.) 
Second Presbyterian Church. 



10 Lint of Places and Buildings intereativg to Strangers, 

Church Home. 

Odd Fellows' Monument. (See page 87.) 

St. Michael's Church. 

St. Patrick's Church. 

Fell's Point Market. 

Shipping and Ship Yards. 

♦Patterson Park and Intrenchments of 1814. 

*Canton Iron Works. 

Fort Marshall. 

♦Bay View Asylum. (See page 114.) 

^^^ By the Madison Avenue Line, going east, and connect- 
ing with the Canton Line on Fell's Point. 

*Fort Federal "HiH. (See page 80. ) 

Glass Works and Wood Wharves. 

Ferry Bar and Patapsco Bridge (fishing place.) 

*Fort McHenry. (See page 81.) 

JSS*" By Pennsylvania Avenue Line, going south, from cor- 
ner of Baltimore and Hanover streets. 

Franklin Square. 

Orphan Asylum. 

Aged Men's and Aged Women's Homes. 

Baptist Church and Fourth Presbyterian Church. 

St. Luke's Ep. Church and St. Martin's (Catholic) Church. 

*The Hicks Hospital. 

^^^ By Franklin Square cars, going west, which connect with 

the EUicott's Mills Railway. By continuing on this route 

the following places can be reached : 
House of Refuge, 1 mile out. (See page 115.) 
Western Cemetery, 134 miles. 
Mount Olivet Cemetery, 13^ miles. 
Loudon Park Cemetery, 2)4 miles. 
St. Timothy's Hall (school,) 4 miles. 
Mount De Sales Convent, 5 miles. 
Catonsville, 6 miles. 

EUicott's Mills, 10 miles. (The neighborhood of this village i? 
remarkable for rugged and romantic scenery. The visitor 



List of Places and Buildiugs iiiteresiiHg to Strangers. 11 



can return bj the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whiofa will 
bring him alonoj a deliojhtful prospect, passing the Avalon 
Iron Works, Viaduct, Relay House, and arriving in an 
hour at Camden Station.) 

City Hall and Theatre, Holiday street. 
Greenmount Cemetery. (See page 110.) 
Govanstown, 4 miles. 
Towsontown, 7 miles. 

J^*' By York Road cars, starting from the City Hall, Holi- 
day, st. 

Westminster Church (in the grounds of which Edgar A. Poe is 

buried,) /ind Western Female High School. 
Lexington Market. 
*01d Cathedral Cemetery. 
*01d Alms House. fSee page 113.) 

^g|*" By Pennsylvania Avenue Line, going north, from cor- 
ner of Green and Baltimore streets. 

*Swann Lake, 8 miles on Par's Road. (See page 73. 

*Hainpden Reservoir, 3 miles on Fall's Road, opposite Woodberry. 

*M()unt Royal Reservoir, near corner of North Avenue and 
Fall's Road. 

Exchange, South Gay street. 

Eastern Spring, Canal and Pratt streets. 

Union Bank, St. Paul's Church, Cathedral, St. Alphonsus 
Church, Central Presbyterian Church — all out North 
Charles street and vicinitj'. Charles street road for seven 
miles beyond the Monument is a fashionable drive. 

Kamineskey's Inn (oldest house in the city,) Mercer street, be- 
tween Calvert and Light, rear of No. 169 West Baltimore st. 



The places marked * are at some distance from the passenger 
railway, and if the visitor does not desire to walk, he had better 
procure a carriage for the entire round. The other points 
named are on or near the routes of the cars. 



THE 

STRANGER IN BALTIMORE. 



Introductory Remarks. 



A CITY is always interestinof. While some may decry its 
crowded thoroughfares and haunts of traffic and pleasure, 
contrastinor them unfavorably with the fertile fields and green 
shades of the country, the most of men will ever seek the city 
for the greater concentrated attractions of labor, of mind, of 
business, of humanity. The country may be lauded for ita 
natural beauties, for its unsophisticated manners and freedom 
from enormous vices, as if to lay upon city-life a greater aggre- 
gation of fully and crime. But there is danger of misappre- 
hension from this view. There is not a rural district anywhere 
free from vice ; indeed, in many cases the villager exceeds the 
citizen in excesses of every grade. In many small towns, as 
well as Ipss settled neighborhoods, the vices of man's mature are 
exhibited unblushin.ffly and without fear of restraint, for the 
executors of the civil law are too weak to repress any disorders 
of the least magnitude. The thinness of population, however, 
causes this fact to be overlooked, and consequently the great 
cities are generally execrated as dispronortionally criminal. 
The truth is, that many of the worst class already graduated in 
villainy assemble from the country to practice their nefarious 
employments in the city. With this exception, the proportion 
is not unfavorable. It is forgotten l,hat, while a great amount 
of wickedness may pervade a large town, there is also a much 
more powerful influence exerted for law, for intelligence and 
morality, than could be obtained in any rural locality. The 
city has ever been the centre from which have radiated the 
wonderful achievements of religion, of humanity and art. The 
names of Jerusalem. Rome, Constantinople, London, call to our 
view Religions that have swayed the world. While the histories 
of the cities of European and Asiatic kingdoms have been writ- 
ten in blood and folly, they have also marked the truth that 
civilization has been fostered within their walls, which would 
otherwise have been lost among people purely pastoral or no- 
madic. Art, science, law, refinement, have all been gathered 
there to perpetuate the greatest efforts of man, to establish his 
highest genius in the eyes of future generations, to authorize 
order and government, to increase the welfare of the whole hu- 



14 Introductory Hemarks 



mariBftce. It is from our modern cities, for example, that reli- 
glon and moral reform have received their prea'test encourag^e- 
ment, in the shape of chaiitable, educational and humane 
institutions, of societies for the diffusion of the gospel, and of 
every approved enterpiise in state and church. These facts 
render the city doubly interesting to the moral observer as well 
as to the mer^e cnrioxo. To the latter what astonishment and 
speculation must the various shades of city -life present! Every 
tongue and class of people, jostling along the crowded streets, 
every form and variety of youth and age, every device of trade 
and pleasure, every ingenuity of mechani^sm. every means of 
commerce, existing together in a harmony of confusion, amid a 
deafening din and bustle, with an absorbing haste and earntst- 
ness, with splendor and squalor mingled, with the extremest 
show of pi^-nury and unlimited extravagance 1 

But we must now dii'ect our attention especially to the City 
of Baltimore, which, though less ostentatious than some others 
in our country, is held in the highest estimation by tourists 
from all parts of the world, for its situation, climate and hospi- 
tality, and grows, dearer every year to its inhabitants in recol- 
lections and attachments, in sources of happiness and promise 
of increased prosperity. 

Thousands of visitors have annually inquired for a guide 
book to inform them of the various interesting points in the 
history and topography of this city, and have been surprised 
that none was to be obtained. It is to supply this need, as well 
as to inforfh our own citizens more generally, that this work is 
prepared. The publisher claims to have done nothing more 
than compile and arrange in a portable shape the facts which 
otbeis have from time to time collated. iMuch information is 
extracted from the "Annals of Baltimore," by Thomas W. 
Giiflith, (1824,) which has long been out of print. From a 
desciiptive woik, issued in 1858, we draw an interesting resume 
of trade and business, cai rying it forward to the present date. 
In addition, the stianger will find inserted full directions for 
visiting every place of interest in our limits, with other useful 
particulars for reference. 



Early History of Baltimore. 



15 



EAKLY HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, 




LANDING AT ST. MARY'S. 



(^ECILTDS CALVERT, the second Lord Baltimore, became 
J Proprietary of Maryland under a charter from Charles L, 
of England, in" 1632. '' Crescentia" was the first title given to 
the country, probably in allusion to its shape, as presented on 
its map ; but the King named it "Maryland," in honor of his 
wife, Henrietta Maria. In 1634, Lord' Baltimore aided about 
two hundred emigrants to colonize at the mouth of the Poto- 
mac river, on a tra't which they named St. Mary's. Great an- 
ticipations were subsequently indulged that this place would 
become of considerable commercial importance. From 1619 to 
1658 this and adjacent settlements were under the control of au- 
thorities acting in favor of Oliver Cromwell and his son Rich- 
ard ; but in 1662, on the accession of Charles IL, Lord Balti- 
more resumed his full powers, and appointed Philip Calvert, his 
brother, Governor. At this date, the territory was almost en- 
tirely a wilderness, still occupied by native Indians. 



16 Early History of Baltimore. 

'' In 1662, Mr. Thomas Gorsuch, a member of the Society of 
Friends, patented fifty acres of land on Whetstone Point, in the 
County of Baltimore. This was th6 first land patented within 
the present limits of the city. The " purchase money " was at 
the rate of only/o«r shillings, the ''quit rent" four shillings a 
year, and "alienations" ionr &h\\\\vigs per hundred acre-, pay- 
able in specie or tobacco. Whetstone Point is that peninsula 
upon the extreme end of which Fort McHenry is located. In 
1663, Mr. Charles Mountenay took up two hundred acres on 
each side of Harford Run. In 1668, Mr. John Howard patented 
the land lying between the heads of the middle and north 
branches of the Patapsco. The same year Thomas Cole took 
five hundred and fifty acres more, extending from Mountenay's 
ground across the north side of the river one mile, and north- 
wardly from the river about half a n:ile, calling the tract Cole's 
Harbor. In 1682 this property was purchased by a Mr. David 
Jones, who gave bis name to the stream running through it, 
and who is believed to have been the first actual settler on the 
site of the future city. He built a house on the north side of 
the stream, (Jones' Falls,) near its junction with tide water. 
Shortly afterward, a Mr. John Hurst became possessed of some 
of the land, and built a house, which he used as an^inn, near 
Mr. Jones' residence. In 1711, Mr. Jonathan Hanson built a 
mill near the present corner of Holliday and Bath streets, 
which was still standing in 1825. In 1726, Mr. Edward Fell set- 
tled on the east side of the Falls, and employed a surveyor to 
examine the neighborhood. There were then but two dwelling- 
houses, a mill and several out-houses, in existence at this place. 
As years progressed, other settlers located in this neighbor- 
hood, and in 1723 there were five ships in the Patapsco, at North 
Point, freighting for London. A trade increased, the head of 
tide seemed preferable for the situation of a town, and applica- 
tion was made to Mr. John Moale, a merchant from Devonshire, 
who owned the land between the middle and south branches of 
the Patapsco, to lay out lots for houses on his property. It is 
said that application was also made to the Assembly for author- 
ity to do so, but Mr. Moale, either preferiing the prospect of 
"wealth from the iron-ore banks on the premises, or actuated by 
some personal jealousies, opposed the movement so heaitily in 
the Assembly, of which he was a member, that it failed. Ex- 
cluded thus from the level land, the petitioners were compelled 
to select a site under the hills and along the marshes of the 
north-western branch. This refusal of Mr. Moale was a great 
advantage to the future city, for, as Mr. Griffith says, "unless a 
seaport is actually upon, or very near, the seaboard, the head of 
navigable water must be preferred to the side of a rivei-, for the 
advantages of commerce by both land and water." Therefore, 
in 1729, an act of Assembly was passed for "erecting a town 
ON THE north SIDE OF THE Patapsco, in Baltimore County, and 
for laying out into lots sixty acres of land in and about the 



Early History of Baltimore 



17 



'PRL:SENr BOUN-DAR}£E CF CJTf^ 




ORIGIN AL SETTLEMENT AND COMPARATIVE BOUNDS OF CITY. 

p'ace where one John Fleininof now lives." Mr. Flemins: lived 
in a house owned by Charles Carr oil, a^ent of the Propiietary, 
situated on the east side of what is now South Charl(^s street, 
about a hundred yards from Baltimore street. In 1730 the town 
was laid off into lots and called Baltimore, in compliment to 
the Propri'tary, whose title had been derived from a seaport in 
Ireland. The Commissioners in charge commenced near the 
present corner of Pi-att and Lio^ht streets, and ran north vvpsterly 
alons: Uhler's alley to ^harp sti-eet ; thence crossed Baltimore 
street and up ]\Ic('lellan's alley "to the precipice which over- 
hung' the Falls,"* near the corner of St. Paul's and Saratoga 
streets; thence across to Frederick street ; thence south to Sec- 
ond street; along Second to the Basin, which then extended to 
Water street, and thence to the point of startino^. 

*At that lime the bed of the present Falls was much divided, diverg- 
ing in more thnn one channel; the wtiole space fmm Front street to 
CHlvert. fi-om the Basin back to Franklin street, was low and marshy, 
and a deep o;Hlly also extended down l.ittle S' iup street, through Sharp 
street and Uhler's alley, to the Ba-in. "Marsh Market" derives ita 
name from the character of that portion of ground. 



18 Early History of Baltimore. 

West Baltimore st. was first called Long street, and the eastern 
part York street') it was intersected by Calvert street (after- 
wards nainedyand ii'^orresi street (afterwards called Chav^es.) 
South, Second, Hanover and Light streets were lanes/since 
widened. ♦V^l'he lots of this survey were sold to various per- 
sons, among wlfbm appear the names of Messrs. Wall^, Jones, 
Jackson^Hammond, f rice, Buckner, Sheridine, Powell, Ridgelj, 
Trotton, North, Hewitt, Gorsuch, Harris, Peel and Gordon. 

From the small quantity of ground originally taken for the 
town, and from the difficulty of extending the town in any 
direction, as it was surrounded by hills, water courses or marsh- 
es, it is evident that the commissioners did'not anticipate either 
its present commerce or population. The expense of extending 
streets, of building bridges, and of leveling hills and filling 
marshes, to which their successors have been subjected, and 
which, unfortunately, increases that of preserving the harbor 
as improvements increase and soil is loosened, have been obstacles 
scarcely felt in other American cities; but requiring .immense 
capitals of themselves, against which nothing but the great 
local advantages for internal and external trade would have 
enabled the citizens to contend. The alluvion of the Falls, 
spreading from the shore, from Harford Run to South sti-eet, 
already limited the channel of the river on the north side of it, 
and formed some islands, which continued to be overflowed by 
high tides, until the islands and shoals were made fast land, as 
they now are. Certainly the commissioners were not regai dless 
of the navigation, or they would not have located the town by 
the water; yet the exterior lines nowhere reached the shore, 
And one street only, Calvert street, appeared to communicate 
with it; for between the east end of Baltimore street and the 
falls there was a mar&h, and on the south, Charles street termi- 
nated at Uhler's spring branch, or rather a. precipice which 
stood on the south side of it, as did the north* end /of Calvert 
street, at a greater precipice, where, indeed, oth^rr-fcommission- 
ers closed the street by erecting the Court House/^which their 
successors first arched, to procure a passage under it, and others 
finally removed altogether. 

The situation relative to other parts of the country, however, 
afforded the most direct communication; the proximity of bet- 
ter soil, the great security presented by the harbor, the abun- 
dance of stone, lime, iron and timber, and the proximity of seats 
for water-woi'ks, all conti'ibuting to make the first part of the 
town the centre around which additions have been nearly equally 

*Gay street was railed Bridge street. Water street was called George 
street. Pratt street was called Queen street- Upper Saratoga street 
was called St. PauVs street, and the 1 'wer part Fish street. Lexington 
street was called New Church street. Exeter street was called Green 
street. Other streets were also named differently from their present 
titles. AVhere stree s were cut through to other streets, the name of the 
better part was given to the whole. 



Early History of Baltimore. 19 



made, afford some proof of the commissioners' judgment and 
foresight. It is to be noticed, also, that the lots towards the 
river were all taken within the first three days, and not one of 
those on Baltimore street, except that on the north side, next 
adjoining the great public road, now McClellan's alley. 

In the same year, Mr. Wm. Fell, ship carpenter and brother 
of Edward, bought of Mr. Lloyd Harris the tract on the Point, 
called Copus' Harbor, and erected a mansion on Lancaster 
street. 

It appears that Roger Mathews was presiding justice at this 
time, and Thomas Sheridine sheriff, succeeded the same year by. 
John Hall. 

About 1731 the highest lot in the town was selected for the 
building of a church, to be called St. Paul's. It was finished in 
1744. 

Down to the year 1758, we have no knowledge of any other 
churches or meetings for worship here, but of the established, 
churches and of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, of which 
latter society, it appears, a very great portion of the first set- 
tlers of Baltimore County consisted. It was a short time before 
the settlement of the county that they first arose, and were now 
persecuted in England ; and from the time of the establishment 
of the Episcopal Church in the province, the right of affirmation . 
and other priviteges were extended to them and their meetings; 
that of worship, they and ail other Christian sects enjoyed from 
the first planting of the province. In this vicinity there were 
the families of Gorsuch, Giles, Fell, Hopkins, Mathews, Taylor, 
and others who were Quakers, for whom the last-mentioned 

gentleman appropriated grounds near the one-mile stone on the 
arford road, where they erected a meeting-house and wor- 
shiped many years. 

The county" town of Joppa* being afflicted by small-pox, the 
Legislature suspended the sessions of the court part of the year 
1731 — a circumstance the more unfortunate for that place, as 
Baltimore was then preparing to become its rival. 

In 1132, a new town often acres Was laid off into twenty lots, 
valued at 150 pounds of tobacco eachj^ on that part of Cole's 
Harbor which was first improved, east of the Falls, and where 
Edward Fell kept store, and called in some records, Jonas, but 
afterwards Jones' town, in compliment to one of the former 
ow^nefs of the land. 

This town consisted of three streets, or one street with three 
courses corresponding with the meanders of the bank of the 
Falls, from a great gully at Pitt street, to the ford at the inter- 
section of the old load' where French street commences, and 
which was afterwards called Front, Short and Jones streets ; on 
the last of which, at the south-west corner of Bridge street, 
(now Gay,) and the only cross street, stood Mr. Fell's store. 

*.jfipna, a sm 11 village on (Tunpowder River, fifteen miles east of 
Baltimore, the county town for fifty years, but now scarcely known. 



20 Early Hintory of Bald 



In consequence of which, the course of the eastern road, instead 
of passintr through French street, was directed into these streets 
by Bridge street, even before the brid -e was built. 

From the early settlement of Cole, Gorsuch or Jones,- it ob- 
tained the name Old Town. 

The communication with the first town being obstructed by 
the passage of the falls, was s/J inconvenient b^-^ the ford, a 
bridge was soon erected where jClay street bridge n- w is, by the 
respective inhabitants of the iowns. In this year a town was 
laid out at Elkiidge Landin^from which pioduce was brought 
to the ships laying off Moale's.Point for many years after. 

In 1740, Mr. Edward Fotterall, a gentleman from Ireland, 
imported the materials and erected the first brick house, with 
free-stone corners, and the first which was two stories without 
a hip-roof, in the town. It stood near the north-west intersec- 
tion of Calvert and Chatham streets. 
y In 1745 the two towns of Baltimore and Jonestown were 
"« erected into one town by the name of Baltimore town. 

Captain Lux commanded a ship in the London trade as early 
as 4733, and in 1743, purchased the lots Nos. 43 and 44, on the 
west side of Light street, where he resided and transacted much 
business. 

The communication by the bridge, which brought the great 
eastern road from the ford directly through both pai ts of .the 
town, gave value to the intermediate grounds, and the whole 
land and mai'sh, containing twenty-eight acres in all, was pur- 
chased of Mr. Carroll by Mr. Harrison in 1747 for about $800, 
and at the ensuing session, an act of Assembly was pa>sed by 
which Gay and Fredeiick and part of Water and Second streets 
were laid off, with eighteen acres of ground. This addition, 
principally on the west side of the falls, contained all the fast 
land between the eastern limit of the first town and the falls. 

The commissioners were authorized to open and widen streets 
or alleys, with the consent of the proprietors, and remove 
nuisances, and also to hold two annual fairs, the first Thursday 
of May and October, with privileges from civil piocess during 
the fairs. House-keeper* were subject to a fine of 10 shillings if 
they did not keep ladders for extinguishment of fires, or if their 
chimneys blazed out at top. 

In 1748, Messrs. Leonard and Daniel Barnetz, from York, in 

• Pennsylvania, erected a brewery on the south-west corner of 
Baltimore and Hanover streets, since replaced by stores. These 
gentlemen were among the first Germans whose successive emi- 
giation from that province, with capital and industry employed 
here, contributed so essentially to aid the original settlers. 

In 1750, High street, from' Plowman to French, including 
eighteen acies of ground, were added to the town. A tobacco 

• inspection house was erected on the west side of Charles street 
and near the head of the inlet inco which Uhler's spring 
emptied; and a public wharf commenced at the south end of 



Early History of Baltimore. 21 

* =a: 

Calvert street, a long time called "the County Wharf." 
Messrs. Lawson, Hammond and Lux erected houses on the bank 
near the shore, the first of wood, on the eiist, and the last of 
brick, on the west side of Light street, near the west end of Bank 
Btreet, and the other further east, near South street. 

All thi^part of the town was now (1750) enclosed by a fence, 
having a gateway for carriages on the north end of Gay street, 
and another at the west end of Baltimore street, with one smaller 
for foot passengers upon the hill near the church and towards 
the old road. For the purpose of making this inclosure, there 
was a general subscription, and it was kept in repair by the 
same means taree or four years. The fence, it seems, became a 
prey to the wants of needy inhabitants, and Lloyd Buchanan, 
Esq., was employed to pr/secute some of them, but found the 
commissioners not clotted with sufficient legal authority, and 
the inclosure was discoiitinued. 

In 1752, John Moal *, son of the former gentleman of that 
name, sketched a plan or view of the town, which, after correc- 
tions by Daniel Bowley, was published about 1820 by Edward 
J. Coale, and exhibits the then state of improvements west of 
the Falls.* Including the buildings already noticed^ it appears 
there were about 25 houses, four of which were of brick. The 
only one of these standing in 1866, was occupied by Mr. Kami- 
neskey as a tavern, in 1752, on the north-west corner of the 
present Grant and Mercer streets. (See page 163.) 

It also appears that one brig, called the Philip and Charles, 
belonging to Mr. N. Rogers, and one sloop, the Baltimore, Mr. 
Lux's property, and represented in the sketch, were the only 
sea vessels owned in the town ; but there must have been several 
vessels owned on the river and neighborhood, for it is stated 
that, in the month of October, there were upwards of 60 wagons, 
loaded with flaxseed, came to town. Mr. William Rogers kept 
an inn in the house represented in the view, near the north-east 
corner of Baltimore and Calvert streets, and Mr. James Gard- 
ner a school near the intersection of South and Water streets. 
In the same year, thirty-two acres of Cole's Harbor, which Mr. 
Joshua Hallhad purchased of Mr. Carroll, were added to the 
town west and north of the first town, commencing at the same 
point on the river, and including the grounds between McClel- 
lan's alley and Charles street, ran to the Falls side, north of the 
church and city spring, where Mr. John Frazier rented a soip- 
yard and resided. Special penalties were enacted against ob- 
structing the harbor or throwing earth, sand or dirt into the 
river at this period. 

In the Maryland Gazette of 27th February, 1752, is inserted an 
advertisement for a schoolmaster " of a good sober character, 
who understands teaching English, writing and arithmetic,'* 
and who, it is added, " will meet with very good encourage- 

* We give an engraved copy of this view, on a reduced scale. 



22 Early Hi>itory of Baltimore. 

* * — ■ 

ment from the inhabitants ot Baltimore town, if well recom- 
mended." 

In the Gentlemen'' s Magazine for 1753, the population of the 
entire county the preceding: vear, then including Harford coun- 
ty, is stated to consist of 17,238. 

In the same year, 1753, a lottery is advertised for tlfe purpose 
of raisino; S450 towards building a public wharf. 

Mr. George N. Myers, a Pennsylvania German, moved to Bal- 
timore, and another, Mr. Valentine Laish, built an inn at the 
south-west corner of Baltimore and Gay streets, and Mr. An- 
drew Steiger, butcher, who first bought the south-west corner 
of Baltimore and Charles streets. Mr. Steiger afterwards, in 
1756, procuied the lot at the north-east corner of Gay and Bal- 
timore streets, but on the gable end of the house were fix* d the 
figures 1741,* being four years anterior to the laying out of that 
part of the town, and fifteen years before the iot was deeded to 
him. In 1759 he purchased, drained and cleared the wooded 
marsh in the bend of the falls and then' on the ea-vt aide of the 
stream, for pasturage for his cattle. / 

In the meantime. 1754, Mr. Moale built a brick store, south- 
east corner Calvert street and Lovely lane, and also a dwelling 
in the rear of St. Peter's Church. The same year other build- 
ings were erected by Charles Carroll, barrister, of which the 
brick ioa-'i imported. 

John Sly came to settle in Baltijnore and erected a house on 
South Gav street, and Conrad Smith another on the opposite 
side; and three years after Jacob Keeports another one adjoin- 
ing. 

The savages, after Braddock's defeat by the French and In- 
dians in 1755, had passed the forts Cumberland and Frederick, 
and got within eighty or ninety miles of the town, in parties 
of plunder and muider. Although the French abandoned Fort 
Du Quesne, on the Ohio. 1758, the country this side of that 
river was but partially relieved. There is no doubt the growth 
of Baltimore was promoted by the continuation of the war, 
preventing the extension of the settlements westerly, for within 
a year aftei' peace the town had ceitainly become the greatest 
mart of trade in the province, if not before the war began. 

Many of the French neutrals, forcibly deprived of their prop- 
erty and expelled, took refuge here from Acadia or Nova Scdtia, 
in 1756, that place being taken by the Biitish. Some of them 
were received in private houses, others quartered in Mr. Fot- 
terall's deserted house, in which they erected a temporary 
chapel. For, althi)Ugh the province had been a refuge tor per- 
secuted Roman Catholics in particular, they were suipassed in 
number by Protestants, before anysettlement was made in this 
county, and they had no place of worship in it as yet. At first 
assisted by public levies, authorized by law, these emigrantii! 

* Tliis house was removed in 1S53, to make way for imijruvemeut^s. 



Earl// Hintory of Baltimore. 



23 



soon found means, by their extraordinary industry and fru- 
gality, to g:et much of the grounds on south Charles street, 
erectina: many cabins or huts of mud and mortar, which part 
was long distinjruished by the name of French town. Hy the 
same means they or thi ir children conveited their huts into 
good frame or brick buildings, mostly by their own hands As 
late as 1830 some of the oiiginal French settlerg remained liv- 
ing there at the age of ei<;hty-five years and upwards. Among 
these French neutrals, Messrs. Giittro, Gould, Dashiel, Blanc 
(White) and Berbine, attached themselves mostly to naviga- 
tion, and the intirm picked oakum. Seveial houses erected on 
the west side of the street, from timber cut on the lots, by them- 
selves, were occupied by some of them more than sixty years. 

On the other hand, the defencelet-s inhabitants were so greatly 
alarmed lest the Indians should reach the town, that the women 
and children were put on board of vessels in the haiboi- to be 
rescued by flitjht down the Bay if necessary, while the inhabi- 
tants of the adjacent country were flying to town for safety. 

In 1758, Mr. Jacob Myeis took the south-east corner of Gay 
and Baltimore streets and built an inn. At this period there 
also arrived and settled on lots noi-th of Baltiraor'r' street, 
Messrs. Levely, Conrad and Gtandchut — the last of whom 
erected, a brewery on north Frederick street. Mr. Daniel Bar- 
net and others, who were German Lutherans, bought the lot 
and erected a small church on Fish street, (now Lexington 
street. ) 

____ ^ In 1759, Messrs. John Smith and 
..^^1^^^ William Buchanan, the first a na- 
^^O]^^ five of Ireland, and the last of 
Pennsylvania, purchased the lot 
fronting on Gay and Water stieets ; 
building dwelling houses, and two 
wharves of pine cord wood about 
one thousand feet long each, to the 
channel of the river. Mr. Jona- 
than Plowman, an English mer-< 
chant lately arrived, also bought 
several acres of ground, and built 
at the north-east corner of Balti- 
more and High streets. 

•In 1760, Mr. Philpot purchased 
most of the peninsula betw^een the 
Falls and Harford run, and built a 
house at the north-eaat corner of Baltimore street bridge, 
which caused the bridge afterwards built to be known by that 
name. 

The same year, Me^isrs. Larsh, Steiger, Keeports, and others, 
who were German or Dutch Presbyterians, bought the ground 
north of the church of Mr. Carroll, and built a small place of 
worship for that religious society, of wirich Mr. Faber was first 
minister. 




OLD STYLE. 



24 Early History of Baltimore. 

In 1761, Messrs. William Smith and James Sterrett moved 
from Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The first built in Calvert street, 
and the latter at the north-west corner of Gay and Water 
streets, where he erected ,a brewery, which was burned and re- 
built and burned again ^on after the revolution. 

Mr. Mark Alexander next built large houses on Baltimore, 
Calvert, and the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets. 

Mr. Melchor Keener, a German, arrived from Pennsylvania, 
in 1763, erected a house in North Gay street for an inn';- build- 
ing a wharf and warehouse, below Hanover street, afterwards. 
In the meantime, Mr. Steiger erected a dwelling next to the 
corner of Baltimore street, and Mr. Lytle took the corner house 
for an ina, and Mr. Amos Fogg rented the White Horse Inn, 
south-east corner of Front and Low streets. 

In 1763. Messrs. Plowman and Philpot laid out some grounds 
between the Falls and Harford Run, into streets running north- 
west to south-east, and nearly parallel with the former stream, 
with other streets at right angles with them ; and Mr. Fell laid 
off part of the tracts of land on the east, being part of Moun- 
tenay's original tract, with streets north and south and east and 
west, except on the extreme point itself, where he was governed 
by the course of the river; which locations were confirmed, and 
the same added to the town by act of Assembly ten years after. 

At this time the duties on all kinds of liquors, except from 
England, was three pence per gallon; on pork, six pence per 
hundred weight, or one shilling and six pence per barrel ; pitch, 
one shilling: tar, sixpence; on dried beef or bacon exported, 
one shilling per hundred weight; and on pickled pork and beef, 
one shilling per barrel of two hundred weight ; part of which, 
with one shilling per hogshead on tobacco exported, was appro- 
priated to the general expenses of the province and part to the 
free schools ; to the proprietary one shilling sterling per hogs* 
head, with half a pound of powder and three pounds of shot, or 
the value, on every ton of foreign shipping enteied ; and three 
pence per hogshead ^o the governor, and the duty of five per 
cent., or tounacfe and poundnge, upon all imports, to the crown. 
The navigation act of Great Biitain confined all the tiade to 
British and colonial merchants and ships, and intercourse Avith 
her dnniinions of Europe only was allowed for tobacco, no other 
trade but to her dominions arid the south of Europe. Resti icted 
thus by a goveinment in which they had no share, the Ameri- 
cans contemned their revenue laws, and whilst they were only 
slight)}' enforced by the civil authority, wealth was increased 
atid few complaints were made, evt n by the merchants, on whom 
all such exactions fall in the first instance. 

In 1763, Messrs. John Brown, Benjamin Griffith, and Samuel 
Puiviance, settled in Baltimore; the former from Jersey, hav- 
ing learned his trade in Wilminu;ton, erected a pottery on Gay 
street, the latter, who came from Donegal, erected a distillery 
on the corner of Water and Commerce streets, with a wharf j 



Early History of Baltimore. 25 

Mr, Griffith, who came from New Castle county, having^ pur- 
chased Fell's lot adjoining the bridpfe, rebuilt it by contract, 
and thence it was, to distinguish it from the others when after- 
wards built, called by his name. 

A new tobacco inspection house was erected on Mr. Harrison's 
grounds, near what is now the south-west intersection of Water 
and South streets, and a powder magazine on the Falls side, 
under the hill, near the north-east corner of Monument Square.* 

The town commissioners took the lot on the north of Balti- 
more street and west of Gay street, on lease of Mr. Harrison, 
at eijrht pounds sterling per" annum, for a market house, which 
was built by the subscription of>he citizens principally.! 

In 1764, Mr. William Spear, who came from Lancaster, took 
the water lot near Gay street, and wharfing out about a thou- 
sand feet, to a small island, erected a bakery there. 

In 1765, Captain Chailes Ridgely and Mr. Griffith purchased 
water lots of Mr. Fell, west of the public wharf; the latter 
building a wharf and warehouse, which was the first there ; and 
Mr. Benjamin Nelson, shipwright, who had moved from Charles- 
town, Cecil county, established a shipyard in Hhilpot street; 
three years after/Mr. Isaac Grieat, also from Cecil, took the 
waterlot east of the public wharf. The ensuing year, Captain 
George Patton, who came from Ireland, erected the wharf on 
the west end of the point, and three years after, Mr. Jesse Hol- 
lingsworth another on the east. The remainder of the water 
lots being chiefly taken and improved in the meantime, by 
Messrs. Furviance, Wells, Smith, Mackie and Vanbibber, "the 
Point" contained all the artisans and articles requisite for. 
building and fitting vessels, and was already a rival of the 
Town. 

Mr. Hollingsworth, from Elkton, and Mr. Vanbibber from 
Charlestown, Cecil county, joined by their brothers, afterwards 
moved from the Point to the Town, and made other considerable 
impiovements. 

The first settlers were, in fact, at great loss to determine in 
which part to buy, as most likely to improve, and those who 
had sufficient means or enterprize, generally took lots both in 
Town and Point. 

Mr. Cornelius Howard, from part of the tract of land then 
lately re-surveyed, added thirty- five acres of it to the town, in- 
cluding the streets called Conway and Barre, after those suc- 
cessful opponents of the stamp act in the British parliament. 

About 1764, the Presbyterians erected a cliurch on East, now 
Fayette street, corner of Nor>t. In 1795, it was removed and a 
better one erected. It is stfll generally remembered as a fine 
building. It was in turn /1861) removed to make room for the 
new U. S. Court-bouse. "^ . 

* Near where the Hattle Monument stands. 

t Sherwood & Co.'s printing office, and other well-known establish- 
ments, have been located on this corner for many years. 
3 



26 Early History of Baltimore. 

In 1765, a law was passed to compel the owners to Jill up the 
marnh between Fredericjc stree* and the Falls, and nine commis- 
sioners appointed to lay it off as an addition to the town ; a law 
was also passed prescri'binoj a quarantine at the discretion of the 
governor, on all passenger ships infected by diaeaaes, and another 
relating to the roads of the county. 

In this year, 1766, died Mr. Edward Fell; 

In 1767," Mr. Adair, who was sheriff, resided in the house at the 
corner of Baltimore and South streets, which was about that 
time struck by lightning, and a Mr. Kichaidson, of Annapolis, 
killed. Such" had now been the increase of the town, and the 
inconvenience to which tht inhabitants were subjected in attend- 
incj courts at Joppa, that a law was passed in 17C8, authorizing 
commissioners to build a court house and prison, "on the upper- 
most part of Calvert street next Jones' Falls." The former 
built of brick and two stories high, with a handsome cupola, 
stood on the spot where the Battle Monument now is, until 
another court house was erected in 1808. The prison was built 
of stone, two stories high, and stood on th^ west end of the 
same lot, adjacent to St. Paul's street, until the present county- 
jail was built, in 1800. 

The same commissioners were directed to sell the court house 
and prison at Joppa, the courts being accommodated in the 
meantime in the Hall erected for public assemblies over the mar- 
l-et, and the prisoners lodged in alogbuild*^^ near Mr. Chamier, 
the sheriff's house, on the east side of soWi Frederick street. 
The subscription towards building the court house, amounting 
to near 900 -pounds currency, chiefly by inhabitants of the town, 
did not reconcile the people on the north and east sides of the 
county, and the removal of the records by the clerk of the 
county, was attinded with some violence and outrage. 

A society formed by Messrs. David Shields, James Cox, Ge- 
rard Hopkins, George Lindenberger, John Deaver and others, 
aided by a general subscription, procured an engine for the ex- 
tinguishment of fires, in 1769, which was called ^' The Mechanical 
Company." This was the first machine of the kind here. The 
first engine cost $264. 

At tills time, Dr. Stevenson converted his new and elegant 
house, which on that account was called Stevenson's folly, to the 
very laudable purpose of a small-pox infirmary, by appropri. 
ating part of it for the reception of young gentlemen whom he 
inoculati d successfullv before the practice had become general. 

The exports from Virginia and Maryland at this time inclu- 
ded 85.000 hogsheads of tobacco, and from the middle colonies 
751 240 bushels of wheat, 45,868 tons flour and bread ; the 
amount of all the imports into England from the two first men- 
tioned colonies $4,401,820, exports $3,779,061. There was, 
therefore, an apparent' gain to Virginia and Maryland of above 
$600,000, but the surplus went to the greater importing and 
manufacturing inhabitants of the east. 



Early Bintory of Baltimore. 27 

Messrs, McNabb, Walsh, Stenson, Houk, Hillen, Brown. Whe- 
lan. with the French emip:rants and others, Roman Catholics, 
having sometime before obtained the lot of Mr. Carroll, erected 
apart of St. Peter's ( hapel on Saratoga street in 1770; but 
they had no settled priest until the arrival of the Rev. Mr. 
Charles Seu-all, ten years after. 

By a ludicrous suit against Ganganelli, Pope of Rome, for 
want of other defendant, to recover the advances of Mr. McNabb, 
who had become a bankrupt, the church was closed at the com- 
mencement of the revolution, and the congregation assembled 
in a pi ivate house in siuth Charles street, until possession was 
recovered. This was sooner than' was expect-ed, by the address 
of Captain Galbraith's company of volunteei- militia, who were 
guarding some Scotch malcontents from North Carolina, but 
desirous not to omit worship insisted upon being marched di- 
rectly to the church, of which some were members, and demanded 
and obtained the key. 

In 1771. an act of assembly was passed, "to prevent the ex- 
portation of flour, staves and shingles not merchantable, and to 
« regulate the weight of hay and measures of grain, salt, flaxseed, 
and firewood." y/ 

The commissioners of the town were authorised to appoint the 
inspectors. Mr, Jonathan Hanson, son "f the former gentleman 
of that name who had erected the third, fourth, and fifth mills 
on the Falls, .was appointed inspector of flour, which continued 
to be sold by weight until after the revolution. 

Messrs. Cumberland Dugan and Lemuel Cravath, from Boston, 
and the latter the first New England gentleman who settled here, 
traded largely thence; Mr. Dugan, who had gone from Ireland 
and married "at Boston, took a lot on Water street and built a 
house obliquely with the street but parallel with the shore, near 
Cheapside ; about this time also, Mr. William Moore built a 
stone house at the south east corner of South and Water streets. 

South street, originally an alley of sixteen anc^ a half feet, 
was now widened from Baltimore street to the water. 

Amon^ the number ol^hose who arrived and carried on trade 
from Baltimore about^is period, besides others mentioned, 
w^re Messrs. Hercules Courtenay, James Clarke, Thomas Usher, 
/am/^ M'Henry, David Williamson, David Stewart, Daniel Car- 
y^olC David Plunkett, James Cheston, John Ashburner, Matthew 
v'Ridh-y, Wm. Russell, Thomas Russell, Jcmathan Hudson, Robert 
Walsii, Mark Fiingle, James Somervel, Thomas Place/ John 
Riddle, Charles Garts, Wm. Neil and Johnson Gildert, ^d from 
other States or "other parts of this, Messrs. John McKiui, George 
Woolsey, James Calhoun, William Aisquith, Joseph Magolhn 
and Henry Schaeffe; and different trades or manufactures were 
established by other gentlemen, who lately arrived from other 
pans of the country or from Europe, viz; Messrs. Geoige 
Lindenberger, Barnett Eichelberger, Francis Sanderson, Rich- 
ard Lemmon, Jacob Walsh, William Wilson, George Presst- 



Early History of Baltimore. 



man, Richardson Stewart, Robert Steuart, Englehard Yeiser, 
Christopher HuofheSj also Mr. John Cornthwait, who established 
atanyard on Wilkes street, the west side of Harford run, and 
Mr. William Smith, who established a rope-walk near Bond 
street, which was the first, except that of Mr. Lux's, but several 
tanvards had been established on the west side of the Falls, 
smove and below Gay street, at or before this period. 
/ The members of the bar who resided here, were Robert Alex- 
^ ander, Jeiemiah T. Chase, benjamin Nicholson, Thomas Jones, 
George Chalmers, Robert Smith of W., Robert Buchanan of W., 
Francis Curtis and David McWechin, Esqs. 

The practicing physicians in and near the town, were Doctors 
Lyon, Hultz, Stenhouse, Weisenthall, Pue, Stevenson, Boyd, 
C'raddock, Haslet, Gray and Coulter. 

Messrs. Moale and Steiger were authorized, at a session in 
June, 1773, to add eighteen acres of ground lying between 
Bridge (now Gay) and Front streets. It was not carried into 
effect until eight years after, but about eighty acres of Plow- 
man, Philpot and Fell's lands were added to the town on the 
east. « 

The markets were regulated by law, and the commissioners 
authorized to hire stalls, appoint a clerk, &c. 

Hitherto the relief afforded the poor was determined by the 
justices, who levied annually from 400 to 1200 pounds of tobacco 
for each person, and there were above 200 at this time, who re- 
ceived the_ value of their levies themselves, or by th*" hands of 
some reputable neighbor, as was the practice in ail' the counties 

until within a few years. The system was liable to great abuses 

and had become very burdensome, so that the government 
loaned 4,000 pounds to the county, .and Messrs. C. Ridgeley, 
William Lux, John Moale, William Smith, Samuel Purviance, 
Andrew Buchanan and H. D. Gough, being appointed Trustees 
of the Poor, erected a house on north Howard street. The same 
law provided for the employment of the poor, as well as a work- 
house for vagrants, and the relief being determined by the discre- 
tion of the Trustees, no certainty was|afiorded to tempt idlers; 
experience soon proved the benefits m the system, and it has 
undergone no material change in this respect. 

The house caught fire accidentally, on the 18tii September, 
1776, and was mostly consumed, but was, except a cupola, re- 
built and the west wing afterwards added. 

About 1773, Gay street bridge was rebuilt of wood, and a new 
one erected at Baltimore street, first of stone, which gave way . 
when finished and the centres removed, and then of wood, and 
on Water street for the first time, another of wood ; to the two 
last of which it was necessary to raise causeicaya from Frederick 
street acrons the mamh. 

On the 20th of August, Mr. William Goddard, printer, of 
Rhode Island, moved from Philadelphia and commenced the 
publication of iha first news^iaper, which was issued once a week, 



Early History of Baltimore. 29 



under the title of "Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- 
tiser," from a house in South street, east side, near the corner 
of Baltimore street; until which time it was usual to take the 
papers from and send advertisements to either Annapolis or 
Philadelphia. 

The importance of the trade and intercourse had already pro- 
duced tiie establishment of a line of packets and stacres, by the 
head of Elk river, to and from Philadelphia, and a cofiee-house 
or hotel was opened at the Point. 

Messrs. Douglass and Hallam had presented the inhabitants 
with some theatrical performances, in a warehouse which stood 
at the north-west corner of Baltimore and Frederick streets, 
and now encouraged by the friends of the drama erect a small 
Theatre, near the intersection of Albemarle and Water streets, 
where they performed until the war of the Revolution ; all 
those amusements being then prohibited, they removed. How- 
ever, a company, with Mr. Wall, performed in' East Baltimore 
street in 1781, and Mr. Hallam returned after the war, with Mr. 
Henry, and built another Theatre near Queen (now Pratt) 
street, to accommodate the Town and Point. 

Until this period, the hills on which the Cathedral and Hos- 
pital are erected, and the grounds west of Greene stieet, where 
Mr. Lux had established a rope-walk, and the south shore of 
the river from Lee street, where Mr. Thomas Morgan set up the 
frame of a ship, to the fort point, were covered with forest 
trees or small plantations. The grounds between the Town and 
Point, cabled Philpot's Hill, remained an open common. A pub- 
lic annual fair was held on Mr, Howard's grounds between Lib- 
erty and Greene streets, where races were also run, before the 
Revolution. Most of the timber fell a prey to the wants of ne- 
cessitous inhabitants during the cold winters of 1779 and 1783 
and improvements did not commence even on Mr. Philpot's 
grounds for some years after. 

Messrs. John and Charles Wesley had visited Georgia as mis- 
sionaries in 1735, but soon returned to England. In 1740, Mr. 
John Whitfield arrived there and passed through Baltimore on 
several visits to the north. But now several followers of John 
Wesley having visited Baltimore, among whom was Rev. Fi-an- 
cis Asbury, a suciety was formed and a church erected in 1773, 
in Strawberry alley, and the next year part of the same society 
erected another chui'ch in Lovely lane. Two yeais atter, on the 
twenty-first of May, the preachers held their first conference in 
this town, three fori((pr being held in Philadelphia; but the so- 
ciety was yet only an auxiliary to other churches. 

Messrs. Griffith, Shields, Lemmon, Presstman, McKim, Cox, 
and others, buy a lot and erect a church on Front* street tor the 
Bajjti>it society, the Rev. John Davis, from Harford, pfiiciating 

* Corner of Fayette, where the shot tower is now built. 
3* 



30 Early Hintory of Baltimore. 

occasionally, but thffey were not regularly constituted until 1785, 
when the Kev. Lewis Richards was chosen minister. 

The German Lutherans, with the aid of a lottery, which 
was not then considered wrong, erected a new church in Fish 
(now Saratoga) street, the Rev. Mr. Gerock being their pastor. 

In the course of the next year, 1775, Mr. John Dun lap, of 
Philadelphia, established a weekly paper by the title of " Dun- 
lap's Maryland Gazette." 

Early in this year a few gentlemen undertook a census of the 
town, and it was found that there were 564 houses, and 5,934 
persons of all desciiprions. 

In 1774, the citizens of Baltimore took part in the struggle 
for American liberty, voting nearly a thousand pounds for the 
purchase of arms and ammunition, and appointed a " Com- 
mittee of Observation," who, imitating the committees in other 
f)laces, determined not only to pro:dbit the use of Tea, but the 
anding of English salt, unless a duty of two pence per bushel 
was paid for the use of the Bostonians. 

Pursuant to a recommendation of Congre^, the committee 
prohibited the fair then approaching, by desiring the inhabi- 
tants to abstain from such assemblages, as well as horse-racing, 
cock-fighting, &c. 

Several members of the German or Dutch Presbyterian So- 
ciety, attached to the Kev. William Otterbein, formed a separate 
religious societV) which they distinguished by the name of the 
*' German Evangelical Reformed," and they purchased a lot 
where their present church is, on Conway street, and \^jorshiped 
in a small house there. * 

Before the iDth of April, when the battle of Lexington took 
place, the town had formed several companies of each desci'ip- 
tion of arms, and every exertion was made to procure ammuni- 
tion. Amongst others General Buchanan, the Lieutenant of the 
county, uistinguished himself by his zeal, and took command of 
a company of gentlemen of riper years, and a company of their 
sons and others, mostly unmarried, who armed and equipped 
themselves in an elegant scarlet uniform, put themselves under 
the command of Captain (afterwards General) Gist, Lieutenant 
Thomas Evving, and other officers, who, with some of' the pri- 
vates, became distinguished in different commaftds in the regular 
service afterwards, being trained by Mr. Richard Carey, adju- 
tant, who had arrived from JNew England, and had been a mem- 
ber of "the Ancient Artillery Couipanv," of Boston, then 
lately commanded by John Hancock, E^dJ^ first President of 
Congress. 

The county was also directed to furnish five companies of 
minatii men. Several gentlemen joined the army befoie Boston, 
amongst others Aiesssrs. Richaid Carey, David Hopkins and 
James Mcllenry — the latter became surgeon. 

It was soon discovered that it would be highly essential to the 
safety of the town, to erect a fort on Whetstone Point j a water 



Early History of Baltimore. • 31 

battery, planned by Mr. James Alcock, was commenced under 
the superinteudence of Messrs. Griest, Gritfith and Lindenber- 
ger, Captain N. Smith commandino; the artillery there. 

Three .massive chains of wrought iron, passing through float- 
ing blocks, weie stretched across the river, leaving a small pas- 
sage only, on the side next the fort, and the channel was 
protected by sunken vessels also. 

The inhabitants of Baltimore town were now invited to par- 
ticipate directly in the government of the State, and chose two 
delegates for the Assembly. 

JS'otice of an election of a convention to form a constitution 
of the State, was published the 3d July, 1776, to be held the 5th 
August, for the freemen, ^'except such as have been published att 
enemies to this country," to attend and give in their votes. 
There appeai s to have been 472 votes taken. By a census taken 
of the Puint, the population there consisted of 821 persons, 146 
of whom were masters of families or house-keepers. 

In the meantime, that is, on the 22d July, the Declaration of 
Independence was proclaimed at the court house, at the head of 
the independent companies and' the several companies of the 
militia, with the discharge of cannon, and, says the editor of 
the Journal, " with universal acclamations for the prosperity 
of the United States." In the evening the town was illuminated, 
and an etiigy of the late King, which had been paraded through 
the sfreets, was publicly burned. 

The Congress of the United Colonies assembled in Baltimore 
on the 2(JLh of December, 1776, and occupied a house at the 
south-east corner of Baltimore and Liberty streets, being then 
the farthest west and one of the largest built in the town, and 
was a long time called Congress Hall.* 

The Committee of Observation being superseded by the offi- 
cers of the new government, and fears being entertained by 
some, that the ordinary course of law would be inefficient to 
secure the triumph of liberty, there was a private society, called 
the Whig Club, organized this year, to detect violators of the 
law, as they declared, which vexed the citizens unnecessarily,, 
perhaps. 

The pacific doctrine of'the Methodists, like that of the Qua- 
kers, caused the English preachers amongst them to be suspected 
of dangerous political views, and Mr. Asbury himself was taken i 
near town and tined; and afterwards going over the Bay, quit, 
preaching and lived in retirement in Delaware some time. Thet 
conscientious scruples of the ministers of the late establishmentp, 
relative to the form of prayer for the new instead qf the oldl 
government, of the Quakers, Methodists, preachers, and others,, 
subjected them to pay the treble tax imposed on non-jurors, or- 
leave the country, as most of the rectors and ministers of thes- 
es tab lis hmentdid^ » 

* Elegant warehouses are now erected on thia spot, occupied by/ 
Hai'u^eu's Express, i^c, &c. 



32 Early History of Baltimore. 

Mr. Goddard, the printer, became obnoxious for the freedom 
of his remarks, and was constantly alarmed, by the interference of 
the club in his case j he was formally censured by the Legislature 
during the first session, and Governor Johnson issued a procla 
mation for his protection. 

It was now found that topsail schooners, sailing best upon a 
wind, and adapted to the use of sweeps in chasing, were most 
likely to escape the heavy ships of the enemy. 

Amongst the first of the kind fitted out here was the Antelope, 
built at N. Point creek, by Mr. J. Fearce, for Messrs. John 
Sterett and others, and armed with fourteen guns, under the 
command of Captain Jeremiah Yellott, who was himself an 
Englishman, lately settled in Baltimore, which made a great 
many narrow escapes, and some captures, but always fortunate 
voyages. The Felicity, commanded by Captain Fredeiick Fol- 
ger, who had been first officer of the Antelope, was scarcely less 
successful. However, the ship Buckskin, Captain Johns, who 
had the commission of a Lieutenant in the navy from Congress 
afterwards, the Nonsuch, Captain C. Wells, and some other 
vessels, safely went to and returned from France. 

Early in 1778, Count Pulaski's Legion of cavalry and infantry, 
raised partly in this State, was organized here. 

British goods having become scarce, several manufactures, 
which had been prohibited in the colonies, were now established 
in or near this tovrn. Among others, a bleach yard )^ xMr. 
Riddle ; a linen factory by Mr. McFadon ; a paper mill by Mr. 
Goddard; a slitting mill by Mr. Whetcroft; a card factory by 
Mr. McCabe; a woollen and linen factory by Mr. Charles Car- 
roll; a nail factory each by Mr. Geo. Matthews and Mr. Rich- 
ardson Stewart ; Mr. Charles Williams carried on the dyeing 
business, and Mr. William Stenson, who had sometime kept a 
-coffee-house near the corner of HoUiday and Fayette streets, 
opened another on a modern and extensive scale, at the south- 
west corner of South and Baltimore streets. 

About 1780, a new Episcopal church was erected in front of 
'the old one, and a law procured to open the street in front of it, 
•called New Church, now Lexington street, on the south side of 
^ which the vestry leased out lots. 

On the 9th July, some of the people, ofiended at Mr. Goddard 
ifor the part he took in favor of General Charles Lee, after the 
'decision of the court-martial which suspended that officer, Mr. 
' Goddard was persuaded to sign a public recantation, which he 

• afterwards disclaimed, but saved himself by it from personal 
abuse; from which, however, one or two persons who defended 

-him did not escape, as they were put into the cart intended for 

• him and carried about the streets. 

About 1781, the Society of Friends, who until now had held 
; their meetings at the house on the Harford road, bought a spa- 

• cious Ibt, and built a meeting-house, between Baltimore and 
-Pitt streets, where they interred their deceased members. 



Early History of Baltimore. 33 



On the 8th of September, 1781, Gen. Washington, with part 
of his army, passed through the city on his way to meet Corn- 
wallis, and was addressed by the citizens. 

On the 19th of October, Lord Cornwallis capitulated, and his 
whole army being m'ade prisoners, there remained no longer 
any doubt but that the independence of the States would soon 
bea; knovvledged and general peace established. The citizens 
were soon favored with opportunities, which they joyfully em- 
braced, to offer their congratulations to the commander-in-chief, 
the Marquis de Lafayette, and others, who had had a share in 
the glorious event. 

The 13th of December was appointed, and kept, as a day 
of general thanksgiving. 

In 1782, Eutaw and Lexington streets were laid out, also a 
spacious lot for a public market, which was improved and ap- 
propriated to that purpose twenty years after. Col. Howard, 
the owner, appropriated another spacious lot of ground on Bal- 
timore street west of Eutaw, for the use of the State, should 
the General Assembly accept and make it the seat of govern- 
ment within that period ; though an effort was made to carry 
the removal in the House of Delegates at the same session, it 
was rejected by a vote of twenty to nineteen, and has failed as 
often as it was proposed, as well during the twenty years lim- 
ited as afterwards. 

Until this time, none of the streets of Baltimore town, except 
here and there on the side-ways, were paved j and the main 
street especially, from the depth of soil, was actually impassable 
some part of the spring and fall seasons, from the market house 
at Gay street to Calvert street. Commissioners were therefore 
empowered to "direct and superintend the leveling, pitching, 
paving and repairing the streets and repairing the bridgecs," to 
begin with Baltimore street, in part, and then from place to 
place as circumstances required. The owners of lots, on streets 
to be paved, to pay %\.%6% per foot front, on lanes or alleys 
half price. An auction duty was laid, Major Thomas Yates 
being appointed first and sole auctioneer, a tax on public exhi- 
bitions, to be licensed by the Commissioners, and 33>3 cents per 
hundred on the assessed property, with an annual Lottery to- 
wards defraying the expenses. The same law prescribed the 
extent of porches and cellar doors, the breadth of carriage 
wheels, and removal of nuisances or obstructions in the streets 
or harbor. 

Little change of limits was effected for many years, until the 
population of the precincts had become equal to a'third of the 
city itself. 

In 1782, a line of stage coaches was commenced between 
Philadelphia and Baltimore. 

Count Rochambeau, returning with his army from Yorktown, 
nalted in Baltimore, and some of his troops remained until the 
close of the war. 



34 Early History of Baltimore. 

^ The Town was then said to contain 8.000 inhabitants, having 
eight phices of worship, viz : Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Lu- 
theran, Dutch 'Calvinists, Roman Catholics, Baptists, Quakers, 
and Methodists, that is one for each society. 

At that time there was no public wharf •but that of about 100 
feet on Calvert street and no private wharves ext nded above 
200 feet, except those of Messrs. Spear, Smith and Buchanan; 
so that the space occupied by the water was perhaps equal to 
double the surface of the ^reseitt basin and docks.* 

Messi's. John and Andrew Ellicott purchased the water lot 
and extended the wharf on Light street, foi- tilling- of which, 
they used a drag, and, with a team of horses, drew the oozy 
sediment from the b.'ttom of the river. They also piocured 
iron scoops to be used by hand or windlass, with which the same 
operation is perfoi-med, and was improved by Messrs. Ciuse and 
Colver, with the use of horo'es. By this means, any part of the 
upper harbor called the basin, is made nine feet deep; the 
water of the Point, and the river, generally being double that 
depth at common tides. 

A company, chiefly composed of citizens of Baltimore, was 
incorporated[ to make a canal on the Susquthanna. Soon after, 
the Potomac Canal Company was established, and in 1799, 
another to make a caiial ti) unite the Chesapeake and Delaware 
Bays. 

The defects of the original plan of the Town now became 
more burdensome, and on the petition of a number of inhab- 
itants, a law was passed authorizing the Commissioners of the 
Town to make Hanover lane the width of sixty-six feet. By the 
consent of the proprietors of the grounds, the commissioners 
also opened Holliday street to the width of eighty feet, and 
widened East lane (now in Fayette street) from tioliiday street 
to Gay street, to foity feet. Holliday street was extended north- 
wardly fifty feet wide in 1810, and widened to its present breadth 
in 1865. In 1787, Light lane was w dened to thirty-eight feet 
and a-half, reserviiiy the house standing on the west f-ide, corner 
of Bailimore street,] and called Light street, but a street called 
Walnut street, then bounding tlie Town south-westerly, was 
entirely closed, and Forrest street, north of Baltimore street, 
which had been laid out sixty -six feet, was limited to a lane of 
eighteen, in 1792, when Tammany and Chatham streets, now 
part of Fayette street, were opened to the widtli of forty feet. 
Charles street was extended across two o: three docks from Cam- 
den to Barre street in 1796, and the docks filled up, and from 
thence Goodman street was opened south. Sharping la .e was 
widened to forty-nine and a half feet from Gay to South streets, 
and called Second street, of which it was an extension, in 1798. 

On the 16th of May, 1783, i\lr. John Hayes commenced the 

* See [ilan, pa^e 17. 

t This house remained till 1861. 



Early Bistory of Baltimore. 35 

Publication of the paper entitled, "the Maryland Gazette.", 
his paper with the Journal, then edited by Messrs. Goddard & 
Ano^el, crave way to others, and the number has been increased 
successively. 

The ensuino^ vvilrter proved exceedinofly severe ; the Bay was 
closed by ice almost to the mouth of it, and the haibnr, which 
closed the 2d January, was not clear to admit vessels until the 
25th March, nor then, but with much labor in cuttino: passasres, 
which was sixteen days later than in 1780. At both periods 
much injury was sustained by the shippino: in the Bay, and on 
the coast, and considerable sums collected to reffeve the poor. 
It was Stat' d that the winter had been very moderate in Nova 
Scotia, while at New Orleans, the Mississippi river was fast 
closed by ice, which had not been known there before. Happifj 
there has not occurred here such severe winters since, the navi- 
gation beino^ g^enerally open until the 5th of January, and sel- 
dom closed after the lOth of February, but sometimes open all 
the year. 

William Murphy, a bookseller, succeeded in establishinj? a 
circulatinoj library, south side of Market, one door east of Cal- 
vert street, which was soon after purctiased and continued by 
Mr. Huo-h Barkleyi 

The Marquis de Lafayette, visiting General Washinpfton, was 
entertained here by a public dinner the first of September, and 
received and politely answered a cong-ratulatory addiess from 
the citizens; at which time the Leo:islature declared the Mar- 
quis and his heirs, male, forever citizens of Maryland. 

Provision was made for lig-htinjr the streets, and the Town 
Commissioners, clothed with the authority of justices, pursuant 
to law passed this year, appointed three confitaUes and fourteen 
tcatrhvien,* to cruard the town. 

The old market, on the corner of Baltimore and Gay streets, 
had become wholly insufficient; ^reat divisions took pla"e in 
locating a new one, and situations on Lip;htand Holliday streets 
were proposed and preferred by many, but the executors of Mr. 
Harrison, offerinof to appropriate the space in Harrfson street, 
intended oriprinally for a canal or dock, to that purpose, the in- 
habitants of the districts subscribed money to erect a mai'ket 
house there. As this would not accommodate the inhabitants 
on Howard's hill, they also subscribed to erect one at the north- 
west corner of Hanover and Camden streets. The Legislature 
then ordered the old one to be sold ; the proceeds to be applied, 
three-fourths for the Centre market, and one-foui-th for the 
Hanover market, to aid them, and extended the old refrulations to 
each; the fiist to hold the markets as before, on Wednesdays 
and Saturdays,^ the other on Mondays and Thursdays. In the 
meantime the inhabitants of the Point proceeded to erect a 
market house on a space appropriated to the purpose by Mr. 

* Increased in 1790 to 45, and in 1866 to 350. 



■ 36 Early History of Baltimore. 

!3Fell, holding their markets on Tuesdays and Fridays, which the 
;Leg:islatare confirmed the year after. The Lexington market 
was erected pursuant to law by the Western Precincts in 1803, 
and another was provided for the Eastern Precincts in 1807, 
'though not erected till 1819. • 

The proprietors of ground on Calvert street and in the 
>meadow, then north of the Falls, desirous to extend that street, 
raised a sum of money to underpin the court house* by three 
arches. Having obtained permission of the Legislature, they 
at once effected it, removing the earth to the depth of twenty 
feet; and so it continued to stand, a curious monument of the 
ingenuity of Mr. Leonard Harbaugh, the architect, as well as 
of the enterprise of the contributors, who guaranteed the work- 
manship to stand more than twenty years. 

A new survey v/as now ordered to be made of the Town, and 
"the inhabita#ts began to discuss the necessity of a charter. 

Messrs. Garts an-d Leypold erected a sugar refinery on Peace 
alley, the east side of Hanover street, between Conway and 
Camden street; and John Frederick Anielung, Esq., arrived 
with a nuuiber of glass manufacturers from Germany, and erect- 
ed an extensive factoi-y on the Monocacy, Avhich was in 1799 
established on the south side of the basin by his son. 

On Christmas day, 1784, the first jjrand Conference of the 
Wefeleyan Society was held in Baltimore, when Dr. Thomas 
Coke, -assisted by other preachers, constituted a new church, 
and on the presentation of preachers to the number of sixty, 
conferred the station of superintendent on the Rev. Mr. Francis 
Asbury ; and the next year the Society sold the church in 
Lovely lane, and built a new church on Light street. 

John O'Doflnel!, Esf;., ai-rived from Canton in the ship P.allas, 
9th Auo-ust, with a full caigo of China goods, being the first 
direct importation from thence into this port, the value of which 
he realized here ; and legular packets to and from Norfolk, 
(Va.,) w^ere established by Capt. Joseph White- and others of 
this place. Mr. Harrison's warf, before spoken of, was extended 
each side of South street, by the late Daniel Bowley, Esq., one 
of his executors, and it thence became known by the name 
of Bowley's ivharf; and the private wharves generality, with 
Cheapside, were extended. Piles, with the machine for "driving 
them, were introduced by the builders of wharves. 

The Xxerman Calvinists erected the church at the east end of 
Baltimore street bridge, Mr. Boehme being pastor. That part 
of the congregation attached to Mr. Otterbein, erected the 
church on Conway street, called Evangelical Reformed. M-hich 
was slightly injured by lightning the lOtfc of August, 1792, when 
a young man was killed on Smith's wharf, the opposite side of 
the basin to the church. The other church was sold to the Epis- 
copalians in 1795, and the Society erected a church on Second 

* Erected on the spot now occupied by the Battle Monument. 



Early Ifintory of Baltimore. 37 



street, which was struck by lipchtninj? 15th July.. 1804, on raising 
the steeple and affixing the town clock.* 

Col. Howard and Geo. Lux. Esq., presented the commissioners 
a lot of fjround on the west side of" the town, for the interment 
of stranjrers. which was sanctioned by the act of Assembly. 

On tlie 17th Aujrust, 1786, a new theatre, built of wood, by 
Messrs. Hallam & Henry, corner of Pratt and Albemarle streets, 
was opened by the old company. 

On the 5th October there was a j::reat fresh, the current of the 
Falls beinp: met by the tide, overflowed the Centre market space 
and nearly all the made ofround and wharves. llaltimore 
stieet bridge was rebuilt by Mr. Jacob Small, senior, of wood, 
in one aich, of a sefrment of a circle ninety feet span, the others 
in the usual way. On the '24th of July, 1788, a storm of wind 
vnd rain raised the water in the haibor above many wharves, 
no much property was lost, by beinp: overflowed, but all those 
„harves have been raised and no such daraap^e has been expe- 
rienced since. About ten years after the bridges were all 
rebuilt, with a new one on Pratt street; after the lapse of 
another ten years, stone bridges, of two arches each, were 
erected on Baltimore and Gay streets, and, directly after, 
another of three arches on Pratt street,! the abutments and 
^ers resting on piles ; the commissioners not succeeding in an 
experiment to lay the foundations in stone at Baltimore street. 

By a considerable freshet on the 9th of August, 1817, the 
■wooden biidges on Bath and "Water streets were floated against 
the stone ones on Gay and Pratt streets, which were considerably 
injured by tlie obstructions to the passage of the water, and 
the Centre Market again overflowed. An entire new stone 
bridge,! of one arch, was afterwards erected at Gay street, and 
the other repaired. In 1836, another freshet occurred, by which 
several lives were lost. None of those freshets are attended by 
hurricanes, nor has the buildings or shipping ever suff"ered any 
mateiial injury from wind or hail at this place. 

According to reports in th°: Gazette of this year, there were 
entered here fifteen ships, fifty-seven brigs, and one hundred 
and sixty schooners and sloops; and there were cleared twenty 
ships, fifty-seven brigs, and one hundred and fifty schooners 
and sloops, to and from foreign ports and places only. 

The Baltimore Fire Insurance Company was incorporated, but 
this was succeeded by another company, called the *• Maryland 
Fire Insurance Company," four years' after, and this was suc- 
ceeded by another, of the former name, in 1807. In the mean- 



* In 1864, this old landmark (the Second street church) was ordered 
to i)e removed to make way for the extension of Holliday street. .The 
gum received for this property enables the congregation to build two 
churches in other parts of the city. 

t Iron bridges have since superseded these. 
4 



Early History of Baltimore. 



itime, that is in 1794, the "Equitable Society" for mutual 
: insurance was incorporated; and in 1816, the Phoenix Fire In- 
surance Company; but, when the first company was chartered, 
provision was also made by law for regulating the transporta- 
tion through the town and storage of gunpowder. 

The York and Falls' road were severally granted to corporate 
companies, created in 1804, and soon completed, and since that 
the Washington, Havre de Grace, and Harford Road Companies 
have been incorporated; indeed all the main roads to and from 
the city. It was also in 1787, that Baltimore street was ex- 
tended westwardly of Paca street, and an attempt was made to 
raise a company to introduce into the town a copious supply of 
wholesome water by pipes, not effected for several years. 

In December, Cokesbury College, in Harford county, was 
opened and soon after incorporated. Mr. Asbury, and the coun- 
cil of the Methodist church, make some progress in establishing 
Sunday Schools, for persons of all descriptions, free of expense. 

On the 31st of December, 1787, Mr. D. Stodder was robbed 
between Town and the Point, but by his pursuit five persons 
were taken and tried, and two, Donnelly and Moony, condemned 
. and executed. 

In 1788, there was a grand procession of workingmen with 
the ship rigged boat FederMat, wliich Captain Barney navigated 
to Mouut Vernon afterwards, and presented to Gen. Washing- 
ton, on the part of the merchants of Baltimore. 

At the entrance of Chester river, on the 17th of May, at 
night. Captain John de Corse, of the packet, was murdered by 
two ruffians he bad taken on board here as passengers. The 
T-essel was brought back to the middle branch and abandoned. 
Exertions were made to discover the murderers, which resulted 
in the arrest of Patrick Cassidy, who had forfeited his pardon 
for former offences by remaining in the State, and was, with 
one John Webb, another convict;, executed some time after. 

On the sixth of July, the lightning killed a woman and two 
children between the Town and Point. In March, Samuel Pur- 
viance, Esq., formerly Chaifinan of the Committee of this 
Town, and member of the Convention of 1774, whilst descend- 
ing the Ohio, with others, was made captive by the Indians and 
l^ut to death soon after, as was reported and believed. On the 
*25th of October, died in town, aged sixty-five years, the Rev. 
John S. Gerock, first uiinister of the German Lutheran Con- 
gregation, being sometime assisted and afterward succeeded by 
the Rev. Daniel Kurtz. 

General Washington having been unanimously chosen Presi- 
dent of the United States, passed through Baltimore the 17th 
of April, 1789, on his way to Congress at New York. On this 
occasion he was entertained at supper by the citizens, andj to 
the address delivered him, he replied, '' tlie tokens of regard and 
affection which I have often received from the citizens of this 
toion, loere ahcays acceptable, because I believed them, always sin- 



Early Hintory of lialtimore. ' 39 

cere," &c., adding: this declaration, by the strict adherence to 
which he secured for his memory that reverence which is now 
and probably will ever be paid to true merit by civilized man : 
*' Having undektaken the task from a sense of duty, no 
fear of encountering difficulties, and no dread of losing 
popularity, shall ever deter me from pursuing what i 
conceive to be the true interests of my country." 

A great many persons joined the Methodist congregation, and 
for the first titne a preacher was stationed in the town, and a 
new church built by that society on Exeter, near Gay street. 

Messrs. Englehard Yeiser, and others, OAA'ning the grounds, 
cut a new channel for the Falls from the lower mill at Bath street, 
aci^ss the meadow to Gay street bridge; of which channel the 
bounds were fixed by ordinance of the city in 1803, and the old 
conrne of the Falls, by the court house, ;/radually filled up. After 
which it became a dispute to \*hom the 'ground thus made be- 
longed, which was finally divided between the parties owning 
the adjoining lands, w'here there were distinct owners. 

A society for promoting the "abolition of slavery, and for 
the relief of free negroes, and others, unlawfully held in bond- 
age," was organized, of which Philip Rogers, Esq., was chosen 
President, and Mr. Joseph Townsend, Secretary; but some op- 
position on the part of the State Legislature, in 1792, caused 
them to discontinue; upon which they transferred the building 
they had erected on Sharp stret-t, for an African School, to the 
religious people of color, who made additions to it. Another 
society, called the Protection Society, was formed in 1817, 
which was intended nearly for the same objects. Of this society, 
Elislm Tyson, of the Society oF Friends, was a most active 
member. v/ 

The Rev. Dr. John Carroll, who, in the early part of the 
Revolution had been employed, with others, in a political em- 
bassy t ) the Canadians, by Congress, on the application of the 
Catholic clergy, was consecrated in England a Bishop of that 
church, to reside in Baltimore, and returned here in 1790. In 
1790, a small chapel was built on the Point, wliich was suc- 
ceeded by St. Patrick's church, on Point Market street,* in 
1807. The German Catholics erected the church on Saratoga 
street, in 1799, and St. Mary's, a Catholic church at the College, 
of which Maximilian Godfrey, Esq., was architect, was finished 
in 1807. Uflder the auspices of the Bishop, the foundation of 
the Cathedral near Charles street, the design of which was fur- 
nished by Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq., was laid i n 180G ; and four 
years after the Bishop became an Archbishop. 

According to a list published, the sea vessels belonging to this 
port, in 1790, consisted of twenty-seven ships, 6,701 tons ; one 
scow, 80 tons ; thirty-one brigs, 3,770 tons ; thirty-four schoon- 
ers, 2,454 tons; and nine sloops, 559 tons — together 102 vessels, 
13,5G4 tons. 

* Now Broadway. 



40 Early Hi-^tory of Baltimore. 

Accordino^ to the first census taken bv*the General Govern- 
ment, the population of the city and precincts in 1790 amounted 
to 13.503 persons of all descriptions, viz: white males, 6,422; 
females, 5.503; other free persons, 3'23; slaves, 1,255. 

In the fall of 1789 and sprino: of 1790, there lajred throughout 
the country, commencino: at the South, an epidemic, called the 
iujliienza, M'hich was fatal in some instances. It wm I'emarked 
that the summer of the former year had been uncommonly- 
warm, the mean temperature of the air at Philadelphia for Sep- 
tember, beings 75 dejjrees, and for October 63 degrees, with 
great drought; and that, like the y.ellow fever which followed, 
it was contagious in the atmosphere but not by personal com- 
munication. It was called by some of the faculty an epidemic 
putrid cold, and was said to be produced by sudden veget^le 
putrefaction, as the other disease is thought to be. 

A small church was erected on Pitt street, in 1800, by the 
Associate Reformed Presbyterians. 

/ The number of Presbyterians increasing, a "Second Presby- 

^terian Church," on Baltimore street, was built in 1804. A 

church was also erected on Fayette street, in 1813. for which 

the Rev. John M. Duncan was appointed minister; the congre- 

/gation dispoi-ing of the one on Pitt street to a society of Cove- 

V* Banters. The Presbyterians, in 1822, erected another called the 

Third Presb yterian Church, on north Eutaw street. 

The agents of The French convention, at Cape Francois, hav- 
ing tendered their liberty to such slaves as should take arms 
against the former government of Hispaniola, General Galbaud 
and Admiral Gambis attacked the town, and it was plundered 
and burned by the seamen and negroes on the tvventy-tirgt of 
June; and on the ninth of July, /?/^^-/^>ee ressels, bearing about 
1,000 white and 500 people of color, lleeing from the disaster, ar- 
rived in Baltimore. Many were quartered in the houses of the 
citizens, who, besides, subscribed above $12,000 for the relief 
of such as were destitute. Those more fortunate, who biought 
capital, entered into trade, others introduced new arts or culti- 
vation in the neighborhood, and with succeeding arrivals from 
the southern and western parts of the Island, contributed to 
increase the wealth as well as the population of the town. 

In 1793, Messrs. Thomas Yates and Daniel Bowley commenced 
their improvements on the water between the Falls and Harford 
run. Messrs. Cumberland Dugan ahd Thomas McEider;y com- 
menced their wharves below the Centre market, extending from 
Water street to the north side ()f the channel, a distance of 
1,600 feet. Nine years after Judjfe Chase commenced his wharf 
binding on the west side of the F.tlls. 

The subject of a city charter, which had occupied the writers 
in the papers, and the citizens gen^ir-allv, for near ten years, 
was taken up by the Legislature in 1793,"^ and an Act passed for 
consideration, "but the inhabitants of the Point, and the me- 
chanical, the carpenters' and republican societies, then lately 



Early Histoi-i/ of Baltimore. 41 

formed for other purposes, took part in opposition, and it was 
not carried into effect. 

Tliere was an effort made by a number of merchants to open 
an Exchano^e for the transaction of business, and buildings at 
the south-west corner of Water and Commerce streets were 
fitted up and used for the purpose, but after sometime dis- 
continued. 

Several Lodfjcs of Free Masons had been established in Balti- 
more, under the Grand Lod<jes of Pennsylvania or Virginia, 
and as early as 1788, D. Stodder, Worshipful Master of No. 15, 
now 6, and officers, obtained a warrant from the Grand Lodge 
of Maryland, held at Easton at differvrnt times since the year 
1783 Un the 8th of May, 1794, the Grand Lodge assembled 
in this town. 

About 1794, the fort at Whetstone point was repaired, and the 
star fort of brick vvoi k added. It was afterwards ceded to the 
the United States and called Fort McHenry. 

The opponents of internal taxes burned the house of Mr. Nevil, 
excise officer, near Pittsburg, and on the 7th of August, the 
President issued a proclamation and ordered out drafts of militia 
to go against them; above 500 left Baltimore, under the com- 
mand of General Smith, Col nels Strieker and Clemm, on the 
8th of September, who returned from the westward, on the sub- 
mission of the insurgents, towards the close of the year. Before 
their departure, however, the yellow fever made its appearance 
in the town. There were 344 deaths hy the fever, and othet'dis- 
eases, during the months of August and September. The malady 
did not Cease until the 15th of October. 

The site of the Hospital was then selected b}' Captain Yellot 
ando'he-s, as a temporary retreat for the strangers and sea- 
faring people; wnich being purchased of him in 1798, by the 
Commissioners of Health, for the City, and aided by the State, 
was improved, and continued to be so used until in 1808, it was. 
leased on certain conditions ; but the Legislature assumed the 
property and control of the premises, after the expiration of the 
lease, by their Acts of 1797 and 1816. It was also in 1794 that 
the same commissioners purchased, for a potter's field, a lot of. 
ground opposite the hospital ; for which purpose other lots have 
since been purchased on the east and on the west of the city, at 
the expense of the corporation. After an interval of three 
years, the city was afflicted with this disease again, and lo^ 
many inhabitants; also in 1799 and 1800, and partially in 1819 
and 1820. It was at these periods, and particularly on account 
of the fever, that many citizens fled from the town with their 
families, where it appears the fever did not reach them, and 
some of them erected country residences which now ornament 
the vicinity. 

Notwithstanding obstacles, Messrs. Wignell and Reinagale, . 
aided by a subscription of shares, completed a small woodeui 
Theatre on HoUiduy street, which Messrs. Warren and Wood,, 

• 4* 



42 Early History of Baltimore. 

with like assistance and during the blockade of 1813, rebuilt of 
brick, by a design of Mr. Robins, artist, attached to the com 
pany ; Messrs. Robert C. Long, William Steuart and James 
Mosher, builders. 

The vestry of St. Paul's parish, purchased the church at Bal- 
timore street bridge, which was erected by Jacob Myers and 
others, Dutch Calvinists, in 1785, and had been injured by the 
fresh of the ensuing year and repaired, for an additional Prot- 
estant Episcopal church, to which the vestry gave the name of 
Christ Church, and in 1804 tljey raised the steeple and pro- 
cured a chime of six bells. 

At this period, Mr. Josias Pennington obtained the third and 
fourth mills on Jones' Falls; and, at great expense in cutting a 
race through a spur of the granite ridge, which there ap- 
proaches the town, united the water power of both, for a new 
and extensive mill, within a fnile of the navigation. Not long 
after, the Messrs. Ellicotts, taking up the water from Gwinn's 
Falls, a mile and a quarter above, conveyed it along the eastern 
bank, and obtained an elevation sufficient for three mills of 
above twenty feet fall each, in succession, which they built at 
the place where the great western road by Frederick, passes 
the stream, and within three miles of the wharves in the town. 
In consequence of these improvements, and others of the kind 
made in the neighborhood by Messrs. Tyson, HoUingsworth, 
&c., the manufacture of flour was greatly increased. 

^n the 4th of December, 1795, Cokebury College (erected at 
Abingdon in Harford county, by the Methodist Society, in 1785,) 
was burned, by design as was supposed, and the next year, that 
is 1796, the same society purchased a spacious building, erected 
by the proprietor of the Fountain Inn for an assembly or ball 
room, contiguous to the Lifi;ht street church, and established an 
academy and free school there. During divine service on the 
4th of December of the same year, the church was discovered 
to be on fire, and both buildings were unfortunately consumed. 
The concurrence of these fires on the same day of the year, and 
and within so short a period, not only reduced the means of the 
i society, but discouraged them from any similar undertaking of 
Johe kind for many years. 

In 1796, the Legislature authorized the filling up and wharfing 
'Light street, from Pratt street to the opposite side of the har- 
rbor, including all the space eastward of CharleS street. That 
•,f)art of the city would have been benefitted, had the front of the 
; streets leading from the west been converted into public docks 
i to secure a greater extent of landing. ^- 

At length, on the last day of the year 1796, a law was passed to 
t constitute the Town a City, and incorporate the inhabitants by 
ithe name of "the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore; and 
'that the best means were sought by our legislators to restrain 
jithe errors and promote the happiness of a numerous and mixed 
it society, is proved by the enlightened views which they have 



Early HUtory of Bnltimore. 43 



left us. expressed in the following: preamble: "Whereas, it is 
found by expf^rience, that the ffood order, health and xafefy of 
larpre Towns and Cities, cannot be preserved, nor the evils and 
accidents to which they are subject avoided, or remedied, with- 
out an internal power comphtknt to establish a polick and 
EEOCLATioNS, fitted to their particular circumstances, wants and 
exigencies." <tc. 

One of the first acts of the Corporation was an expression of 
approbation, grratitude and g:ood wishes towards General Wash- 
ingrton, passing: throujrh the city homeward after the expiration 
of the second period of his presidential terra, in an address dated 
the 14th of March, 1797, of which the followinj^ is a copy : 

To Georf/e Washington, Esq. — Sir : To partake of the pros- 
perity arising: from your unwearied attention to the welfare of 
your country — to admire that firmness which has never been 
disconcerted in the g'reatest difficulties, and which has acquired 
vigrf>r in proportion to the exigrency — to feel that honorable as- 
cendancv you have obtained in the well-founded opinion of your 
fellow-citizen?, by a wise administration, and the exercise of the 
virtues of a private ITfe. and to suppres's our admiration and 
acknowledgment would be wanting: to our own individual sensa- 
tion, and the just expectation of those we represent. 

Permit, therefore, the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 
amongrst the first exercises of their corporate capacity, to {^ratify 
themselves and their constitut-nts, in the sincere expressions of 
regrret for your' retirement ; their lively g:ratitude for your pub- 
lic service's: their affectionate attachment to your private 
character: their heartfelt farewell to your person and family ; 
and their unceasing: solicitude for your temporal and eternal 
happiness. In behalf of the Corporation of the City of lialti- 
more. James Caluoun, Mayor. 

To which was returned the following reply : 

To the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore— GESThviizn : I 
receive with g:rateful*sensibility the honor of your address. 

To meet the plaudits of my fellow-citizens for the part'I have 
acted in public life, is the hig:hest reward next to the conscious- 
ness of having: done my duty to the utmost of my abilities, of 
which my mind is susceptible — and I pray you to accept my 
sincere thanks for the evidence you have now f(iven me, of your 
approbation of my past services — for those rejrrets which vou 
have expressed on the ocHision of my retirement to private life, 
and for the affectionate attachment'you have declared for ray 
person. Let me reciprocate most cordially, all the pood wishes 
you havefjeen pleased to extend to me and my family, for our 
temporal and eternal happiness. 

Geouge Washington. 

The frig:ate Constellation, of 36 g:un8. was built at Ilarris' 
Creek, and Thomas Truxton, Esq., appointed commander. Cap- 



44 Early Hixtory of Baltimore. 

tain David Porter, Rr., established a sigrial house on Federal 
^Hill, opposite but near to and in sight of the town, by vvhfoh the 
approach of public and private vessels to the Bodkin and North 
Point was immediately known. 

A conj^regation of Baptists, attached to the Rev. John Healy, 
erected a small church on the Point, which was succeeded by 
the one in Fleet street, in 1811, and all that society being pre- 
viously united, was called the Second Baptist Church. The 
Society in and near Baltimore formed an association, called 
"The Baltimore Association,"* and met here occasionally; and 
soon after, that is 1798, Trustees of the First Church were in- 
corporated. 

/It was also in 1797. a subscription was got up for a Hall for 
V dancing, and the building was erected in Holliday street, which 
was called the Assembly Room, 

Mr. George Keating "published a small plan of the city, and 
two years after another was published by Mr. Charles Varle, 
which included some of the environs. 

In 1807, wooden buildings were prohibited from being erected 
in the central and improved parts of the city, by ordinance, a 
prohibition which has been extended since. 

The property of the city, subject to taxes, was valued at 
£699.519 9.S-. 2d. 

The Roman Catholics established an academy near the inter- 
section of Franklin and Greene streets, in 1791, to which con- 
.siderable additions w^ere made in 1804, aided by a lotterv. 

In 1799, the Rev. John Hargrove, who had espoused the 
doctrines of Baron Swedenborg, and others of that faith, 
erected the "New Jerusalem Temple," a small chapel,! at the 
corner of Baltimore and Exeter streets, which was dedicated 
the ensuing year. 

Heretofore the citizens had witnessed much confusion and 
. tuibulence. by the multitudes of people assembled- at elections 
for the town and county, the Legislature therefore changed the 
Constitution in this respect, by dividing both into districts, the 
wards of the city serving for districts within the same; two 
years after, the manner of voting was limited to ballots, instead 
of voice, and these seasons ceased to be riotous as they had 
been. 

On the petition of the proprietors, Pratt street from Franklin 
lane, was directed to be opened to the Falls, and it was then 
op(?ned from Frederick stieet, and %, bridge erected by ordi- 
nance of the corporation to connect that street with the one 
called Queen street. 

J^ratt street had been opened westwardly as earh' as 1795, 
and in 1811. a law was passed for extending it eastwaidly across 

* Tin's ntranization declining, a new one was formed, in 1836, called 
* Man land Bnptist Union Association," now comprising 35 chuiclies. 
t Removed in 1865, for inaprovements. 



Early History of BaJtimnre. 45 

Cheapside, Hollinj^sworth and EUicott.'s docks, but this was not 
effected until another was passed in 1816, includinp^ that pait of 
the new street only, which runs ^'rom Li^ht street to Fi anl<:lin 
lane ; when another law passed to open and extend North lane 
which was called Belvidere, now North street; and another, to 
extend Lombard eastwardly, not carried into efiect till about 
1835. 

At the Falls, North street diverp^es, and the eastern section, 
called Bekidere road, is connected with the York Road by a 
wooden bridge of one arch, 170 feet span, built by Mr. L. Wern- 
wajr, at the expense of the city. By extending and unitin<j so 
many streets across an unimproved part of the town which lay 
between the improved parts each side of the Falls, two towns 
of the same name, so long separated in fact, an important step 
was taken to render them mutually beneficial to each other, and 
promote the ultimate prosperity of both. 

Puisuant to an Act of 1820, Pratt street was continued from 
Gay street, eastwardly, to Frederick street, and an Act was 
passed to open Forest (now Hillen) street, southwardly, from 
High street to the Fall/, not yet eftected. 

In 1807, an Act wa/passed to open Centre street, eastwardly 
from Howard street to the Falls, and' a bridge was built there ; 
and in 1811 St. Paul's (now Saratoga) street, was extended 
from Charles to Fish street, uniting those streets. In 1809, Mr. 
Christopher Hughes obtained a license to extend his grounds, 
south side of the Basin, northwardly to Lee street, and from 
Charles street eastwardly, with a reservation of the grounds 
fronting streets for public use, afterwards rescinded in whole 
or in part. In 1814, the corporation purchased the water 
rights, and soon after commenced the public dock, between 
Town and Point', directing the course of the Falls into that 
dock, and putting a drawbridge, exclusive of platform, 60 feet 
long, at the entrance of it, which is 210 feet wide, so that a di- 
rect communication is formed from Chase's wharf and the west 
side of the town, to the west end of the Point. 

The Port Wardens had determined the width of the Falls, be- 
fore the city was chartered, at 60 feet above Baltimore street 
bridge, and 80 feet below it; and in 1799 completed the survey 
of the haibor, which the corporation confirmed in 1805 and 
1807 ; and in 1815, a resolution was passed to sanction the deep- 
ening of the bed and walling in the sides of the Falls. 

0« the 1st of January, 1800, funeral rites were celebrated 
in honor of President Washington. The military, including 
the regulars then stationed at Fort McHenry, and the citizens, 
including many from the country, formed a procession to the 
head, of Baltimore street, where an appropriate address was 
delivered by the Rev. Dr. Allison. From thence the pro- 
cession returned to Christ Church, and when the bier had en- 
tered, the funeral service was performed by the Rev. Dr. Bend, 
before an immense concourse deeply affected at the loss which 



46 Early History of Baltimore. 

they had sustained, and anxious to manifest the grateful senti- 
ments by which they were animated towards the memory of the 
hero, who had so often testi%d his regard for them, and ren- 
/dered the most important services to their country. 
^ On the 15th of June, 1800, President Adams passed through 
town from the seat of government, then lately moved to Wash- 
ington, and the corporation .presented him an address of con- 
gratulation. 

The Assembly passed a law to authorize the corporation to 
introduce water into the city, which was not carried into gfiect. 
Messrs. Robert G. Harper, William Cooke, John McKim/ John 
Donnell, Robert Gilmor, and others, formed a society lor the 
purpose, in 1804, and purchasing the mill property next the 
city, conveyed the water by canal and raised it by water to 
elevated reservoirs, being incorporated in 1808. 

In the year 1801, the Legislature authorized the building of a 
Lazaretto, which was accordingly put up b}^ the corporation, on 
the point opposite Fort Mcllenry, which afterwards became one 
of the bounds of .the city eastward. 

In 1802, the Episcopalians erected the church called St. Peters, 
in Sharp street, and soon after a free school for children of that 
society. 

During the European peace which succeeded the treaty of 
Amiens, Baltimore became- the Metropolitan See of the Roman 
Catholic church in the United States. The Trustees determined 
to build a spacious and substantial Cathedral church, which was 
commenced three years after. It was also in 1803, that the 
Right Rev, Bishop Carroll, Mr. James Priestly, (who had been 
sometime principal of a respectable seminary in St. Paul's lane,) 
and others,' procured a charter for the Baltimore College, 
which, by aid of a lottery, was erected on a plain but conve- 
nient style on Mulberry street, the Bishop being appointed 
President of the Trustees. 

The 7th day of February, 1803, was remarkable in this city 
for a great fog in the atmosphere, and towards night, a porter 
employed at Messrs. Peters and Johnson's bre\very, being found 
in the'basin with his horse and dray, was supposed to have 
missed the way, driven over the end of Bowley's wharf and 
drowned. 

The old Penitentiary was erected in 1804, on Madison street, 
near the York road, Mr. Conn being the architect and builder; 
and in 1809, a new criminal code was adapted to the institutrion, 
leaving the commission of murder, arson, rape, and treason 
only, liable to the punishment of death. In 1804, the Union 
Bank of Maryland was organized and chartered, William Win- 
chester, Esq., being chosen President, and Ralph Higginbotham, 
Esq., Cashier. In 1807, the Directors built a spacious banking 
house on North Charles street, of which Mr. Robert C. Long 
was architect. Messrs. Chevalier Andrea and Franzoni per- 
formed the sculpture. 



Early History of Baltimore. 47 

V' 

In 1808, a new court house was erected on part of the old public 
ground, north Calvert stpeet, according to the designs of Mr. 
George Milleman. ^y' 

The county records were removed, and the courts held ses- 
sions th^re in. 1809, when the old arched court house was taken 
down. The new building is 145 feet front on Lexington street, 
and on Monument Square 65 feet deep ; at which end there is a 
court room in each of two stories, 60 by 46 feet; the basement 
of the whole is arched in stone and brick work. 

The Grand Lodge of Free Masons was authorized to raise a 
considerable sum, by lottery, to aid them in erecting a Masonic 
Hall, which was not commenced until eight years after. It is 
located on ^t. Paul's street, near Lexington. 

In 1805/the Friet:ds completed their new meeting house on 
Lombard''^street, Mr. .John Sinclair aichitect, for the accommo- 
dation of the members of that religious society on the west side 
of the city. 

The exports from Maryland, of which nearly all were from 
Baltimore, from October 1805 to 1806, amounted to $3,661,131 
domestic produce, $10,919,774 of foreign goods, or a total of 
$14,580,905, and the receipts into the Treasury of the United 
States from this city, for the year 1806, amounted to $1,224,897. 

In 1810, the Methodists erected a spacious church on north 
Eutaw street, for the accommodation of their members at the 
west side of the city.* 

On the 6th of July, the foundation stone of the Roman Cath- 
olic Cathedral church was laid on a square of ground near north 
Charles street, and the outside walls, of grey granite from the 
vicinity of Ellicott's Mills on Patapsco, were carried up to the 
entablature in a few years, when the war, with other causes, 
suspended its progress. 

On the 3d of November, 1807, soon after the acquittal of Aaron 
Burr, former Vice-President, charged with treason and tried 
before Chief-Justice Marshall and the District Judge at,,-Rich- 
mond, the populace paraded the streets with the effigies'^of the 
Chief-Justice, Luther Martin, Esq., one of the counsel, Burr and 
Blennerhassett, which they afterwards committed to the flames, 
as an evidence of their dissatisfaction with the issue of the trial. 

Zealous to extend a medical school they had commenced, 
Doctors Davidge, Shaw and Cocke, applied to the Legislature 
for the privilege of establishing a college and license to raise 
funds by lottery to erect suitable buildings, which were granted ; 
and their hall in Lombard street was commenced in 1807. 

In 1 808. the Lutheran Society disposed of their old place of 
worship, and purchasing the adjacent lot, commodiously situated 
between, and running from, Gay to Holliday street, erected a 
spacious church, for a long time occupied by a "liberal" con- 



* Greatly enlarged and improved by additions in 1860. 



48 Early History of Baltimore. 



gregation under Rev. Mr. Schieb. Robert Oliver, Esq., erected 
a house on the west side of south Gay street, of which Mr. Ro- 
bert Carey Long was architect. 

About "this time the Hospital was erected, now used as a 
"Church Home." 

In 1808, a society was formed to carry on the manufacture of 
cotton goods, on a very extensive scale, and works were erected 
for the purpose on Patapsco river, near P^llicott's Mills, being 
chartered by the liCgislature, and called "the Union Manufac- 
turing Company.". Next year the " Washington Company " 
was chartered, their works 'being on Jones' Falls; the " Pow- 
hattan Woiks," on Gwinns* Falls, and the "Athenian Compa- 
ny " for tbe sale of domestic goods, were establish^ in 1810. 

In 1814, Messrs. Robert and Alexande;- McKim^rected works 
on French street, by steam power, and the Franklin company 
erected works 'on Gwinn's Falls; and, in 1816, the Independent 
and Warren companies, the latter having erected very exten- 
sive cotton works on Gunpowder near the York road. 

On the 4th of October, 1808, several pipes of gin imported 
from Holland, having been taken to England on the passage, 
and subjected to new duties there, were, by consent of the 
owner, taken to the commons and publicly burned. On the 
18th, an English journeyman shoemaker, named Beattie, having 
used some expressions on politics which offended his fellow work- 
men they tarred and feathered him, and drove him in a cart from 
the corner of South and Baltimore streets to the Point, and back 
again, followed by Mr. Smith, the Mayor, who, with a number 
of citizens, at length arrest one of the journeymen and several 
other persons; some of them, after giving bail, were tried and 
condemned to three months imprisonment and a fine of fifty dol- 
lars each, but were all pardoned and the fines remitted by the 
Governor of the State. 

The natural springs of water, with which tbe soil originally 
abounded, being threatened with destruction by other improve- 
ments, .Jesse HoUingsworth and Peter Hoffman, Esqs., solicited 
and obtained power to purchase the ground and spring on north 
Calvert street for the corporation; and, with Mr. John Davis, 
were appointed to erect a public fountain there. Eight yeara 
after, money was appropriated by the city government, for the 
purchase and improvement of the springs in the south* and 
eastf parts of the city, known by the names of Cloppe's and 
Sterett's springs, and "soon after a fountain of running water, 
supplied by the water company, was fixed at the Centre market 
at the expense of the city. 

In this year were completed the three great turnpike roads, 
leading from the city, and then of great importance. They 



* Charles street spring, built over, 1864. 
t Eastern Fountain, still open. 



Early History of Baltimore. 



49 



were well laid with stone, altogether about 150 miles in 
length, and cost, including: the brido;es, above a million and a 
half of dollars, or $10,000" per mile on an average; but they 
added as much at least, to the value of the land through or by 
which thev passed, while they secured a constant intercourse 
with the city, and a supply of fuel and provision for the citi- 
zens, which, before, was often suspended entirely at the com- 
menceiuent and close of the winter seasons. Since then, the 
banks completed the Cumberland road, 58 miles, at an expense 
of near half a million more, and good graveled roads have been 
turnpiked in every other direction. 

It was also in 1809, Messrs. John Coraegys, Jas. A. Buchanan, 
David Winchester, and others, obtained permission to raise 
$100,000 by lottery, for the purpose of erecting a monument to 
the memory of General Washington ; and on the 4th of July, 
1815, a marble pillar was commenced by Messrs. Wm. Steuart 
and Thomas ITovvson, according to a design furnished by Robert 
Mills, Esq., on ground given by Col. Howard, at the intersection 
of Monument and Charles streets. 

A number of private benefit societies, of tradesmen and others 
had been instituted, some of which were discontinued, but in 
1809 a charter was granted for " The CarpenteV's Humane So- 
cietv;" another society was chartered in 1811 bv the name of 
"Tiie Humane Impartial Society." In 1814, " the Beneficial 
Society " was chartered, and two years after *' The Union Bene- 
ficial Society," when the '' Saint Andrews Society," formed in 
1806, was chartered; the next- year the Hibernian, formed in 
X803, and German society, of which there Avas one in 1784, were 
-^S & V.ERCHAMTs g incorporated ; the object 



of the three last being 
chiefly intended to assist 
emigrants lately come 
into the country, or 
who mav hereafter come. 
In 18iO, the Commer- 
cial and Farmers', the 
Fai-mers and Merchants, 
the Franklin, and the 
Marine Banks, were or- 
ganized and chartered. 

Several unsuccessful 
attempts had been made 
to publish periodical 
works of literary char- 
acter, but in September, 
1811, Mr. Hez. Niles es- 
talDlishcd his Weekly lieg- 
XHter of State papers, and 
in April; 1819, a weekly 




60 Early History of Baltimore. 



paper devoted to agricultural subjects chieflv, vras established 
bj Mr. John S. Skinner, under the title" of The America^ Far- 
mer, which were very successful. 

On the 16th of December, at night, was killed at his residence 
in South near Pratt street, Vincent L'Heruiite, hair dresser, 
from France, who had realized a considerable property, not- 
withstanding- eccentricities in religipn and politics, which ren- 
dered his genuine character doubtful. He was without any 
family, and the perpetrators of the act were never discovered. 
Andrew Clemments, an industrious French gardener, at the 
north extremity of Gay street, was killed on the 25th of Octo- 
ber, 18i7. at night, for which another Frenchman of the name 
of John Lamarde, who was in his employ at the time, was tried, 
convicted, and sentenced to die, but previous to the time ap- 
pointed for his execution put an end to his own life in prison; 
and on the 10th of December, 1821. also at night, Mr. Claude 
Jolly, who kept a store in south Charles street^without any 
family or attendants, was murdered, and the perpetrators of the 
crime remained undiscovered. 

On the 16th of May, 1812, a meeting of democratic citizens 
vras called, and, a numerous committee offered the government 
a pledge of support in case of war with England or France, or 
both. War was declared against England on the I8th of June, 
1812. On the 20th, a collection of people, offended at the oppo- 
sition to the war maintained in their editorial and other meet- 
ings, by the editors of the Federal Jiepublican newspaper, 
attacked and demolished the office at the north-west corner of 
Gay and Second streets, with the pres.'ses, types, &c. On the 
27th of July, one of the editors, A. C. Hanson, Esq., and several 
friends of the establishment, having brought the paper from 
Georgetown, distributed it from a house in south Charles street, 
which had been the dwelling of Jacob Wagner, Esq., the other edi- 
tor, and which they proposed to defend. In the evening an affray 
took place, but after killing one person and wounding others, one 
or two mortally, who were among the assailants, the house sur- 
rendered to the city officers, and the editor and his friends to 
the number of twenty-two, were conducted in the morning by 
the Mayor, General Strieker and a few of the militia, to the 
prison ; here they w^ere again attacked on the ensuing night, 
and Gen. James M. Lingan, of Georgetown, was killed, and Mr. 
John Thompson tarred and feathered, carted to the Point, and 
otherwise cruelly treated; the rest less hurt, but generally 
beaten and wounded more or less. Some citizens, devoted at ail 
times to their own peace and private affairs, shunned those 
scenes of contention and violence, others, as is usual in the sum- 
mer season, were absent in the country, and the rioters having 
thus, by help of the night and exercise of some artifice, eluded 
the efforts which were made to restrain them, conceived them- 
selves masters of the city and proceeded to hunt out and expel 
such as were obnoxious to them; but, threatening at last to 



Early History of Baltimore. 51 



break open the post office, where the offensive paper had been 
sent for distribution again, an imposing force was assembled, 
thev were dispersed and tranquility restored. Presentments 
were found against many individuals of each party, but all were 
acquitted and discharged. u „ „f 

In 1816, the Rev. Mr. Dashield, and some of the members of 
St Peter's congregation and others attached to him, erected the 
chiiich in North Liberty street, called St. John s. 

Mr. Fulton having successfully applied the steana power to 
water wheels, and had boats constructed upon ^is plan for pas- 
Tengers upon the North river, Messrs. William McDonald & Co 
owners of the line of packets to Frenchtown on Elk river, pro- 
cured the Chesapeake to be built here for ^be same purpose by 
Mr Flana-an, at the end of McElderry's wharf. Mr Charles 
GwinnTntroduces the steam power for a flour mill m his ware- 
house at the end of Commerce Street wharf, and Mr. Jobbmith, 
in a saw mill on Chase's wharf. . 

Mei s. Worthington, Jessop, Cheston, and others, procured 
the vvater rights, Ind taking up the water of Gwinns Falls 
above four miles Vest of the city, conveyed it alo^ng thya t 
side to within about two miles, where they had a tall of eighty 
fietormore, and appropriating it to five seats built as many 
excellenrmiils within a few perches of each other, which they 
called the Calverton Mills. *i,. Anf nf IRH th<» 

By the general assessment directed by the Act ot 18U, the 
property subject to county and cit^^^levies was valued as fol- 
lows: county, $2,928,682; precincts, $960,798 ; city, $3,32o,848 ; 

*°TheSu^rectd for a medit^al college being prepared, the 
een lemen of the faculty procured the institution to be converted 
fnto a University by Act of Assembly, passed at the session of 
1812 and the faculties of divinity, law, and the arts andsciences, 

" 1^0^ r U^fv^it; Hall^i^U by the aid of several lotteries,^ 
has since been added a Museum and Infirmary where the at- 
LndTng physicians are assisted by Sisters of Charity, and the 
students of medicine receive clinical lectures. ...... xi,^ 

Mr. Rembrandt Peale, having some years before exhibited the 
skeleton of a mammoth in Baltimore, fixed his Pe^^^^nent re^ " 
dence here; and, purchasing a small collection ot natural cu.i- 
osities of Mr. James Savage, commenced the bui ding ot a 
museum and gallery of the fine arts in holiday street, f ^ 

On the I7th- of November, 1813, departed this lite, aged 87 
yea s near forty of which he had been the pious and respected 



* Lotteries were suppressed in 1856. 

t This cMllection of fine arts and curiosities was afterwards removed 
to the corner of Baltimore and Calvert streets, in the " Museum Build- 
ing," where it remained till about 1858. 



52 Early History of Baltimore. 

minister of the German Evangelical Reformed Congregation, 
the Rev, William Otterbein, 

On the 16th of May, 1815, was laid by the Grand Lodge of 
Maryland in presence of Levin Winder, Esq., Governor, and R. 
W. &. Master, the corner stone of the Masonic Hall in St. Paul's 
street, of which Max Godefroy, Esq., was architect, and Colonel 
Jacob Small and Colonel William Steuart, builders. 

During the war of 1812-14, the citizens assisted in various 
ways, and on the approach of the British in September, 1814, 
the corporation was aided by a committee of vigilance and de- 
fense of fifty citizens; light intrenchments w^ere thrown up on 
the north-east side of the town,* with some batteries, and a 
redoubt on the south, and several large vessels were sunk at the 
entrance of the harbor opposite the fort. Much valuable prop- 
erty was removed to the country for safety, with many of the 
families of the citizens, and the banks suspended specie pay- 
ments. On the 11th of September, the British squadi-on under 
Admiral Cochrane appeared off North Point, and the Brigade 
of militia commanded by Gen. Strieker, left town to meet their 
troops^ which they did next day, near Bear Creek. Here a 
battle was fought, in which the enemy lost their General, and 
the Americans Adjutant Donaldson, of the 27th Regiment, and 
Lieut. Andre, and some other valuable citizens. The Third 
Brigade was followed to within a mile and a half of the lines 
by the enemy's troops, who there awaited the issue of a bom- 







FOBT McHENKY. 



* Where Patterson park is located. The intrenchm-ents are still visi- 
ble, 1866. 



Early History of Baltimore. 53 

bardment of Fort McHenry from their shippinpf. Major Arm- 
Btead's little garrison, of Capt. Evan's company of artillery, was 
increased by two companies of sea fencibles, a detachment of 
the flotilla, three companies of volunteer artillery, and about 
600 regulars — in all about 1,000 men. There were also two bat- 
teries on the main branch of the river above the fort, defended 
by a small detachment of the flotilla and seamen, commanded 
by Lieuts. Newcomb and Webster. Shells were discharged 
during 24 hours, but finding the fort impassable, the fleet re- 
turned down the river, where the land forces were re-embarked 
on the 14th of the same month, AKijor Armstrong was bre- 
vetted Lieutenant-Colonel. GenerabWcott, of the United States 
army, took command of the militiaoiere immediately afterward. 

On the 12th of September, 18157 the foundation stone of the 
Baltimore Monument, erected to the memory of those who fell 
in defense of the city the year before, was laid. The money 
was raised by a general and voluntary subscription, and the 
monument, which was desiaped by M. Godfroy, Esq., executed 
by Messrs. Baughman anoHoare, the figure and grifibns by 
Mr. Capeleno, stands on the site of the old court house. 

Attempts had ^ 

been made to 
regulate the 
meetings for bu- 
siness of the 
merchants, 22 
years before, 
and the build- 
ings at the S. 
W. corner of 
Water & Com- 
njerce sts. were, 
for some time, exchangk. 

occupied as an ExcbaPge j but in 1815 a more decisive plan of 
effecting this object was undertaken. The grounds fronting on 
Gay street from Water to Second streets,^'ere purchased and 
the Exchange Buildings erected, according to a design of 
Mr. Benjamin H. Latrobe. A part of the grounds, being the 
north-west corner of Gay and Water streets, was purchased, 
finished and occupied by the United States as a custom house, 
and the opposite corner on Gay and^Siecond streets, was, in 'like 
manner, taken by the Bank of the United States, the whole east 
front being 250 feet. The Exchange itself, in- the centre, occu- 
pies a space, vaulted beneath and fire-proof, of 141 by 110 feet, 
with the business room, 86 by 53, and 115 feet high to the top 
of the dome, which is 53 feet' diameter, and hAs been occupied 
from the 1st of March, 1820. Since then ^e buildings have 
been altered to accommodate the Post Office^ in addition to the 
Customs. The interior of the dome is handsomely frescoed. 
5* 






54 Early History of Baltimore. 

In 1818, the Methodist society erected their spacious church 
on Caroline street, for the accommodation of their members on 
the east side of the town. 

In 1816, Messrs. Rembrandt Peale, William Lorman, James 
Mosher, Robt. C. Long and William Gwvnn, formed a company, 
Aor which they procured a charter, to furnish the city and indi- 
V viduals with gas light, and erected their works on the south- 
west coiner of North and Saratoga streets. 

At the session of 1816, the limits of the city were extended 
by an Act entitled "an Act to enlarge the bounds of Baltimore 
city," including the old precincts. Those limits form a paral- 
lellogram of about three and a half miles from north to south, 
and four and a half from east to west, and contains in land and 
water, about 10,000 acres surface, all included within the twenty 
wards of the city. 

In March, 1817, the new Cathedral Church erected by the 
Episcopalians, called St. Paul's, being within the church 100 by 
75 feet, having a handsome steepl^over the vestibule, was con- 
secrated. R. C. Long, architect. -The figures (in lelief ) of 
Christ and Moses, which ornament the pedestals, were executed 
by Mr. Capeleno. The new church thus prepared, the belfry 
first erected, with the church built in 1799, were taken down, 
and the lots sold, the remains of the dead being previously re- 
moved to the burial ground on German street.* 

At this period, (1817,) Sund'ay Schools were organized by the 
religious societies generally, and the members of the Catholic 
church established a free school for boUar'sexes which was forth- 
with incorporated. Mr. John McKim; deceased this year, had 
requested his heirs to, appropriate six hundred dollars ground- 
rents per annum for the support of a free school, under the di- 
rection of the Friends Society worshiping in Baltimore street, 
which they did accordingly, and it was opened in 1822 pursuant 
to an Act of Assembly ; and by the will of Mr. John Oliver, 
deceased in 1823, the interest of $20,000 was appropriated by 
him for the education of poor boys, under the direction of the 
Hibei-nian Society, of which he had been President some years, 
and the same was opened pursu-ant to an Act of Assembly the 
year after. At the same time, that is in 1823, the Trustees of 
the Oiphaline Charity School, aided by liberal donations from 
several individuals, purchased of the Trustees of the Baltimore 
Ccjllege a part of their grounds on Mulberry street, and erected 
a spacious school house. 



* In 1852 this church was consumed by firp, and the present one 
erected. The building is substantial and ornamental. The old sculp- 
turi'd relief> of Christ and Moses, preserved from the fire, as well as a 
portion of the old wall.-i, form part of the present edifice. It i.< proposed 
to erect a magnificent Masonic Hall on the lots adjoining this Church on 
Charles street. 



Early History of Baltimore. 



55 




Messrs. Henry Payson, 
Amos A. Williams, Jsaac 
Phillips. Cliarles H. Ap- ^^_ 
pleton, and others, formed ^^ 
a society and erected a , 
church at the corner of 
Charles kn d Franklin 
streets ;^f which Mr. M. 
GodtVov was architect. 
They called it ''the First 
Independent Church." — 
Rev. J9,red Sparks was 
chosen minister. F'RST ind ependemt church 

In 1817, the FirsJ; Baptist Society erected the commodious 
circular church in Sharp street. Mr. Robert Mills, architect. 
Like many of our best public edifices, this church, which is 
eighty feet in diameter and rough cast, is placed at the inter- 
section of two streets, but the ground is elevated, and, in other 
respects, very eligible. Rev. Edmond Reis, who had been assis- 
tant of the Rev. Mr. Richards some time, became minister; but 
was succeeded in 
1822, bv the Rev. 
John E. Finley, and 
part of the congre- 

fation attached to 
Ir. Reis, erected 
the church on north 
Calvert'^ utreet. On 
the removal to 
Sharp street, the 
church and grounds 
on Pitt stieet were 
sold. This new 
First Baptist 
Church cost fifty first b aptist chu p CH 

thousand dollars. In 1834, Rev. S. P. Hill became pastor. He 
was succeeded, in 1851, by Rev. John W. M. Williams, the pres- 
ent incumbent. From this church have sprung several others 
from time to time, among them the Seventh Baptist, (18-17,) 
corner of Paca and Saratoga streets, of which the Rev. Richaifd 
Fuller, U.D., has been pastor since its commencement. 

On the night of the 11th March, 1818, the eastern mail was 
robbed a few hours after it left the city, and Hare and Alexan- 
der were convicted of the fact in the United States court, and 
having put the driver in jeopardy of his life were hung in the 
jail yard. 




* Still remaining (18G6) and occupied by 4th German Reformed con- 
gregation. * 



56 Early History of Baltimore. \ 

Two years after, the same crime was committed on the same 
road. ag:g-ravated by the murder of the carrier; for which Hut- 
ton and Hull were convicted in the county §ourt, and suflFered a 
like ignominious death soon after; and'in 1823, the' mail was 
ajrain robbed on thf» same road, for which three persons, em- 
ployed in the neig-hborhood, were sentenced by the United 
States court to confinement for several years. 

Richard Caton, Esq., and others, had commenced the manu- 
facture of copperas, on Magothy river, in 1812, and afterwards, 
of alum, forming a society which was incorporated in 1818. In 
the meantime, that is, in 1816, Messrs. Howard Sims, and Isaac 
Tyson, Jr., erected a laboratory for manufacturing chemical 
paints, and medicine, on Pratt street, which they afterwards 
transferred to Washington avenue, and were incorporated at 
the session of 1823. 

The number of public carriages licensed, "and in use at this 
time, was, of hackney-coaches, 100; of carts, 350; drays, 200; 
and of scows, or lighters, about 20. 

On the 31st of May, 1821, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, 
which was began in 1806, was consecrated by the Most Reverend 
Archbishop Mareschal. This building, suspended by the war, 
was recommenced in 1817, by funds arising from a sale of the 
old cemetery on Charles street, part of their grounds ob- 
tained for the Cathedral itself, on Franklin street, and a Lot- 
tery, together with individual contributions. The form is a 
Roman cross, its length on Mulberry street 166 feet, its breadth 
77 feet, and across the transepts 115 feet. The diameter of the 
dome is 69 feet, »nd the elevation 116 feet, all of mason work, on 
the outside of which is another dome of wood and coppered, hav- 
ing windows by which light is admitted to the octagon within.* 

In 1822, a company erected a shot tower on the west side of 
north Gay street, which was raised more than 160 feet above 
the ground, but was removed-about 1850. 

In 1824, Lafa3'ette passed through the city on his celebrated 
tour. He landed at Fort McHenry, and was conveyed in a ba- 
rouche up to Eutaw street and thence through Baltimore street, 
accompanied by a procession of citizens and military. An arch 
was erected at "the corner of Baltimore and Eutaw streets. The 
ground now occupied by the "Eutaw House" and other build- 
inors, was covered with trees, which were thronged with people 
■v^o climbed to overlook the pageant, while at the same time a 
chime of bells was sounding merrily from the old Christ Church, 
at the east end of Baltimore street bridge. f There are some 
now who remember the scene. 

* The building was finally completed in 1865. It is a massive and 
imposing edifice. 

t Some years later the church was demolished, and the bells removed 
to the new Christ Church on the corner of Fayette and Gay streets, 
where they still remain. 



Early History of Baltimore. 51 



The Indian Queen Hotel, on the corner of Baltimore and Han- 
over Streets, was a famous hostelry for many years. The Globe 
Inn, corner of Howard Street, is also well remembered. The 
Fountain Inn dates back to the Revolution. Barnum's Hotel 
wai! founded about 1819. The Eutaw House was erected in 183G. 
In 1828 the corner-stone of the Baltimore a»d Ohio Rail Road 
was laid, at the viaduct, by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, amid 
imposincr ceremonies. The procession, representing the trades, 
etc., was the grandest that ever took place in our city. In 1829 
the Baltimore and Susquehanna road was commenced, and in 
1836 the road to Philadelphia. 

In 1834 was issued " The Experiment," by Messrs. J. F. Weis- 
hampel, sen., and T. J. Beach, which was, we understand, the first 
daily 2^eny}y paper published here. Several others were after- 
ward attempted at the same price, but none met with permanent 
miccess until about 1837, when Messrs. Swain, Abell & Simmons 
commenced the '' Sun," with which Mr. Beach also subsequently 
became connected in an editorial capacity. The " Clijjper" by 
Messrs. Bull & Tuttle, followed, and was continued till 1865, 
when it was succeeded by the '' Commercial." The "American," 
a three cent daily of the largest size, dates back to 1801, being 
the oldest established paper here of any sort. The " Patriot" 
WAS a popular paper for a number of years, but ceased about 
1861. The Sun office was the first iron"^ building erected in the 
city. It is located corner of Baltimore and South Streets, and 
aflbrds room for several business establishments, among which 
is the Book and Newspaper depot of Messrs. Henry Taylor & Co., 
the most extensive and successful in its line south of Philadel- 
phia. Mr. Taylor's branch of trade was started here in an 
humble way about 1840, and has developed with the wonderful 
increase of newspapers and light literature since that time. The 
regular Book and Stationery Trade extends over a past which 
would afford very interesti» matter for publication; and we 
hope some old citizen familiar with its history may yet furnish a 
record of our early Publishers and Booksellers. The oldest estab- 
lished Booksellers and Publishers now flourishing are as follows: 
Messrs. Armstrong & Berry, Bond & Co., Cushings & Bailey, 
Chickering, Cook,, Doyle, Des Forges, (antiquarian,) Entz & 
Bash, Fisher & Denisbn, Guiteau, (S. S. Depository,) Kurtz, 
Kelly & Piet, Lucas Bros., Morrow, Magers, Minifie, Murphy <k 
Co., "Ramsay, Waite, Waters, Weishampel, Whitney & Co. 

• In 1837 there occurred a flood on the Falls which inundated 
all the adjoining property in the city limits, to the depth of sev- 
eral feet. The Centre Market was swept clean of its moveable 
hucksters' stalls and butchers' blocks, all the first stories of the 
dwellings were flooded, and about twenty-five persons drowned. 
Several hundred horses, cows, hogs and other animals were also 
lost. The flood occurred at midnight. 



^8 Early History of JBaltiviore. 

In 1844, the first Electric Telegraph was completed, between 
Baltimore and Washington. A lady sent the first message, 
** What hath God wrought!" The line is 40 miles in length, 
and cost $40,000, which was appropriated by Congress. 

Many incidents of interest occurred as the years rolled by, 
which are still fresh in the minds of the citizens. As the city 
increased, a spirit of lawlessness grew into existence, which was 
encouraged by the vicious tactics of political parties and the 
rivalry of volunteer fire companies, until rioting became an evil 
of weekly occurrence. This was the cause of great mortifica- 
tion to our good citizens, and was the subject of much comment 
in other cities. At last, however, reforms were introduced into 
the judiciary, the police, and the fire department, which have 
worked admirably, and acquired for our city a reputation for 
order, peace and safety second to none. 

In 1841, very solemn public ceremonies were held in respect 
to the memory of President Harrison. Similar marks of respect 
have been paid to other distinguished personages — Major Ring- 
gold, who fell in Mexico, 1846, Henry. Clay, President Taylor, 
and in 1865, President Lincoln, whose obsequies were more re- 
markably impressive, here and elsewhere, than any ever cele- 
brated in this countrj'. • 

Many public processions and displays have occurred from time 
to time, which are remembered with interest by our citizens. 
The laying of the corner stone of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road was the occasion of a great trades' display. The political 
parades have been numerous and enlivening, the log-cabin, hard 
cider and coon-skin parades of 1840 and 1844, and the torch- 
light and lantern processions in I860, being most notable. The 
visit of the Japanese, in 1859, was conducted with the utmost in- 
terest and decorum. The most remarkable civic procession was 
in 1865, when the Odd Fellows, from all parts of the country, 
met to celebrate the founding oLtheir order, to dedicate the 
Wiidey Monument, and to reunite *e fraternal connexion which 
had been broken by the civil war. The visits of various Presi- 
dents and statesmen, of Kossuth, Jenny Lind, the Prince ot 
Wales, &c., &c., are among the incidents to which the citizens 
generally refer with pleasure. 

The city progressed with rapidity. Ne\f streets were cut, 
numerous' houses erected, business increased, and general at- 
tention was attracted to our prosperity. The sectional war 
broke out in 1861. Baltimore, occupying a sort of middle 
ground, was unfortunate enough to become involved in the first 
symptoms of the gigantic strife, but very fortunate through an 
overruling Providence in being saved from the ruin that befell 
so many other cities. Through all the terrible thrratenings of 
war, it has emerged almost unscathed, and is striding forward 
with greater promise than ever to a proud destiny as a city and 
a metropolis. 



General Description of Baltimore. 61 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY. 



MANY and persistent endeavors have been made by envy and 
rivalry to defame the character of Baltimore city. Occa- 
sionally there has appeared an excuse for this in some unforeseen 
incident, common to all cities, and especially common to those 
whose interest is our loss; but examined candidly and carefully, 
there is no city of its size whose record is clearer, whose uni- 
form character is higher. 

Knowing her prosperity to be fixed upon a sure basis, Balti- 
more has advanced, unenvious of feverish development, arising 
from unsound, speculative policy, by which fortunes are made 
and wrecked. Gradually adopting whatever a sound eclectic 
taste dictated, she has entered fully upon developing the natural 
advantages which insure her prosperity. 

The commercial position of Baltimore places her in the front 
rank of American cities. Her location is central upon the At- 
lantic coast of the United States. The Chesapeake Bay, near 
which she stands, is a noble sheet of water, and equaled in com- 
mercial capacities by few of the great estuaries of the various 
parts of the world, that have attracted the notice and the admi- 
ration of the mariner. It is deep throughout, and navigable for 
the largest vessels. Its tributaries are rivers that furnish fine 
avenues of internal trade, and provide water power for all pur-, 
poses of extensive manufacturing operations. The deep and 
capacious Bay upon which the city stands, seldom freezes so as 
to obstruct navigation, and this is easily obviated by a slight 
outlay for an ice boat. There is no rapid current, to render its 
navigation perilous from floating ice, as in New York Bay, 
where immense loss annually occurs from vessels being cut 
through and sunk. 

The system of internal improvements which Maryland has 
completed, gives Baltimore ready access to the inexhaustible 
agricultural treasures of the South and the West, and to the 
rich mineral deposit of the Alleghanies. While the Baltimore 
and Philadelphia Railroad afibrds an avenue to the East; the 
Central, to the North ; the Washington, to the South ; the var- 
ious lines of steamers to all parts of the coast ; the Bay to the 
great highway of mankind, the ocean ; the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad furnishes her the key to the great West. In respect to 
salubrity of climate, no city is superior. 

Baltimore city is situated upon the north side of an arm of 
the Patapsco river, 14 miles from the mouth of the Chesapeake 
6 



62 General Description of Baltimore. 



Bay; 204 miles from the Atlantic, bj ship channel; in longi- 
tude 39° 17' 23'/ N., and 24' E. from Washington; 39 u:ile3 
from Washington; 97 from Philadelphia; 184 from New York; 
420 from Boston. The location is pleasant, upon an undulating 
surface; and some of the elevations in the vicinity command 
fine views. The city is advantageously seen from Federal Hill, 
Fort McHenry, and other points. 

The streets 
are generally 
regular and 
spacious; the 
buildings be- 
ing mostly of 
brick some of 
them exhibit, 
fine architec- 
tural combina- 
tions. Jones' 
Falls, a small' 
stream from = 
the north, di- 
vides the city, I 
and over it are! 
thrown somej 
very beautiful [ 
arched ironj 
bridges. With! 
the increase 

of population, modern sttle of city eesidences. 

improvements havebeen made in laying out avenues and streets, 
grading them, providing sewerage, etc. 

The limits of Baltimore are comprised in a space about twelve 
square miles bounded on the south by the Patapsco, which in- 
dents the land considerably— and on the west, east and north, 
by Avide avenues, as yet only partially laid out. North Avenue, 
100 feet wide, and almost four miles long, is nearly completed, 
and will in time become a magnificent thoroughfare, and, like 
the boulevards of Paris, be the nucleus of further improve- 
ments, making it a centre instead of a boundary. At ?ome 
points the city extends beyond its lines, at others it is yet unim- 
proved by buildings. There about 40.000 houses erected in its 
limits. The Passeur/er liaiUoay afibrds easy access to all parts 
of the city, and is generally used by citizens and visitors. On 
another page we give the prominent attractions on or near the 
djfi'erent routes. 

The harbor around which it is laid out, is about three milea 
long, safe and capacious, and consists of an inner basin and an 
outer bay. The former admits vessels of light draft, quite into 
the city; and the latter, at Fell's Point,' is accessible to the 
largest ships. It* entrance is commanded by Fort McHenry. 




General Description of Baltimore. 63 

The nominal divisions of Baltimore are, the City proper, Old 
Town, and Fell's Point. The first includes all that portion of 
the city l^'inof west of Jones' Falls; Old Town comprises that 
part lyin^ east of the Falls as far as Central avenue, and Fell's 
Point lies next. These distinctions are not recognized by the 
city government, and only referred to here to enable strangers 
to understand terms in common use in Baltimore. 

The principal streets extending through the city, east and 
west, are Baltimore,- (formerly called Market street, ) Lombard, 
and Pratt. These are numbered, in both directions, from the 
Falls. In the City proper, the. principal business streets run- 
ning north and south, are Frederick, Gay, ilolliday, North, 
South, Calvert, Light, St. Paul, Charles, Hanover, Sharp, 
Howard and Eutaw. These number from Baltimore street, 
north and south. 

The principal commercial portion of the City proper, is 
bounded westerly by lilutavv street; north, by Baltimore street; 
east, by the Falls; and south, by the Basin, which' includes the 
principal wharves. 

The western portion of the City is principally composed of 
residences, while the part near the Basin accommodates the 
great bulk of trade and commerce. The private dwellings 
about Washington Monument, and out Madison and other neigh- 
boring streets, are palatial ;, and the environs are studded with 
beautiful villas. 

Exchange Place, in Lombard street, is the focus of the heavi- 
est business. Here are/the xMerchants' Exchange, Custom 
House and Post Office. ^^Near it ai-e South and Second streets, 
principally occupied by bankers, brokers, insurance companies, 
&c. Baltimore street is the principal business street, and the 
promenade of beauty and fashion. Here the visitor may deter- 
mine for himself the'comparative beauty of the Baltimore ladies. 
The portion of this street between Jones' Falls and Paca street 
is occupied by handsome stores, public buildings, &c. It con- 
tains the principal stores— carpet, wall-paper, and books, print- 
ing offices, jewelry, upholster}^, hat and cap, tailoring, millin- 
ery, wholesale and retail dry-goods, and other establishments. 
Extensive wholesale dry-goods stores are located, also, in Han- 
over, German and Charles streets. Stoves in Light street; 
glass and hardware in S. Charles street; drugs in Lombard; 
leather in the neighborhood of Water street and Cheapside; 
flour, grain, and provision warehouses, upon Howard and North 
streets, and near the wharves; ship building is done principally 
at Fell's Point and Federal Hill. 

The population numbers about 270.000, and the value of real 
and personal property is near S'200,000,000. The shipping 
owned here borders upon 200,000 tons, and the foreign com- 
merce amounts to about $15,000,000 annually. 

In the commodities of Flour and Grain, it maintains its pre- 
eminence as the first market in the world. About 1,000,000 



64 General Descriiition of •Baltimore. 

barrels of Wheat Flour, 60,000 of Corn Meal, and 'immense 
quantities of Rye Flour are annually inspected here. Nearly 
12,000,000 bushels of grain were sent to this market in 1865. 
The most of this came by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
This railroad gives ready access to the immense regions of the 
Cumberland Coal, as the' Northern Central does to the Anthra- 
cite fields of Pennsylvania ; over 800,000 tons were trans- 
ported hither in 1865. The quantity of coal in the Cumberland 
regions is estimated at upwards of 6,000,000,000 of tofis, more 
•than would be consumed by the whole world in thousands of 
years. Experiments prove tha|i in evaporative power, it occu- 
pies the highest place among American coals : it is extensively 
used in the ocean steamers. In Baltimore, there are fine facili- 
ties for shipping coal at Locust Point, the termination of this 
road. The various tracks laid through the streets afford con- 
veniences for discharging coal and flour in many parts of the 
city. 

Tobacco i^ another staple sent to this market in immense 
quantities. Upwards of 50,000 hhds. of this commodity are 
received and inspected here annually. This port offers superior 
advantages over New Orleans for growers of this staple in Ten- 
nessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. In Baltimore, this article 
suffers no deterioration from climate, and is subject to much 
less expense than is charged in New Orleans. It is received and 
stored in State fire-proof warehouses, immediately inspected, 
and may remain therein twelve months without charge for stor- 
age, being perfectly secure from heat, moisture,^ or anything 
likely to injure its quality or impair its value. When sold, the 
item of drayage to the warehouse, and a commission to the 
agent, are the only charges paid by the planter. The small 
charge by the State for inspection and storage, is paid by the 
purchaser or shipper when he withdraws his tobacco from the 
warehouse. 

The Provision trade of Baltimore, already one of magnitude 
and importance, is rapidly increasing. It now amounts to 
$10,000,000 annually. The number of horned cattle brought to 
this market every year, is over 30,000 head, besides 200,000 hogs 
and 50,000 sheep. The Sugar and Molasses trade is becoming enor- 
mous, as may be inferred from the fact that the increase of 
receipts at this port, during one year lately, was nearly 20,000,- 
000 pounds. The article of Coffee, which the West uses so 
largely, and the products of the West Indies and South America 
generally, are imported here in immense quantities. 

The amount of Lumber inspected here annually, is reckoned 
by millions of feet. The neighborhood of Jones' Falls is one 
extensive Lumber yard. Nearly 1,000,000,000 feet come from 
the East alone. Fish and Salt are also largely imported. The 
whoiosale Dry-Goods trade has developed quite as rapidly as 
any business in the city. The large wholesale stores that have 
been erected j the country merchants that throng our streets 



General DescrijJtion of Baltimore. 65 

and hotels ; the boxes and bales that crowd our thorou^fares, 
are proofs of the extent and activity of this department of 
trade. This, however, is but the beginning of what will appear 
when the South and West shall more fully perceive the advan- 
tao-es that this market holds out to them. 

The Commission business, both on foreign and do'mestic 
account, is extensively pursued here, in all departments of 
trade. 

The industrial employments of the citizens are various and 
extensive. Pre-emin^t are the manufacture of iron, copper, 
leather, flour, tobacco, brick, glass, clothing, &c., sugar-refining 
and oyster-packing. 

The geological formation of Maryland and the adjoining 
States affords rich beds of iron-ore. "The manufacture of iron, 
about the city, is extensive apd highly prosperous. Baltimore 
charcoal pig-iron stands high for car-wheels, nails, bar, and 
boiler-iron, &c. The rylling-mills are constantly pressed with 
orders for heavy plates for the large steam-ships building at 
JSew York. The nail establishments supply about 100,000 kegs 
of nails. Here are two of the most extensive locomotive manu- 
factories in the country, whose engines are in great demand. 
There are- other large foundries, supplying furnaces, stoves, and 
all species of machinery and castings. 

Baltimore is destined to become the leading copper market of 
the country. The business has already obtained an importance, 
of which the Baltimoreans themselves are little aware. The 
establishment of the Baltimore Copper and Smelting Company, 
at Canton, near the eastern boundary of the city, is the lar«-est 
of the "kind in the United States, the product of refined copper 
at their furnace being over 6.000,000 lbs. annually. The great 
importance of establishments like this in developing the mineral 
resources of the country, can hardly be appreciated. This, for 
example, furnishes a cash market for all the copper ores mined 
in Maryland, and the neighboring States, and consumes from 
40 to 50 tons of Cumberland coal, daily, giving support to near 
1,000 persons. The home product of ores not being sufficient to 
supply its furnaces, the company imports the main supply from 
Chili and Cuba. It thus gives activity to a large freighting 
business, and promotes, generally, shipping, manufacturing, 
and mercantile interests. 

The number of hides inspected in this market, annually, 
including Frederick, borders upon 500,000. A large sale for 
Baltimore leather is found in the New England States. Ere 
long, Shoe manufactories will be established here, sufficiently 
extensive to consume this immense stock, and supply the South- 
ern and Western market with home manufactures. One estab- 
lishment has already opened, that of Crane, Moore & Co., 
which, with its ingenious machinery and excellent work, begins 
a new era of prosperity in a manufacture which has rendered 
the East so famous. 
6* 



General Description of Baltimore. 



Pugfir refiningf is a business of recent, but rapid growth. The 
refineries established here are conducted with great energy, and 
rival similar establishments in other parts of the country. Each 
of them is supplied with the most approved modern machinery, 
and. together, they can turn out 1,000 barrels per day of the 
Tariofls grades of the refined article. Ihey supply the demand, 
not only of this city and section, but also a large portion of the 
Southern and Western market. This branch of business is also 
a fair illustiation of the success which would attend mnnufac- 
turing here generally, prosecuted with iiflelligence and vigor. 

The cotton mills in this city and section consume over 40.000 
bales a year. The business is highly profitable, and invites 
enlargement, to the full extent of supplying the Southern and 
Western demand for cotton goods. The water-power is ample. 
Wool is manufactured here to gome extent. The receipts at 
this poi't, annually, amount to about 1.500,000 lbs., the greater 
part being of direct importation. Bricks, Glass and Earthen- 
wares are extensively made. Tobacco is a production with 
which the name of Maryland has been identified ever since the 
settlement of the country. While it is the great maiket for 
this staple, the manufacture of it has not been neglected, and is 
rapidly increasing. 

No city in the country has larger or more flourishing Piano 
manufactories. The qualities of their productions are lapidly 
advancing them to a monopoly of the maiket throughout the 
South. For price, elegance of model, beauty of finish, delicacy 
of touch, and excellence of tone, nothing further can be desired. 
Those who wish to institute a comparison with those of foreign 
make, can do so at the various agencies established in th^city. 

Cabinet-furniture and saddle and harness manufactories are 
numerous and extensive. 

The manufactuie of clothing in this city employs more hands 
than anv other branch of business. The annual product of it is 
excelled in value by the flouring mills alone. It occupies some 
of the largest buildings. The introduction of sewing-machines 
has much facilitated it. Agencies for the sale of these machines 
are established here. 

Ship-building is one of the heaviest branches of business 
pursued in Baltimoie. From the depth of water at the Point, 
the principal ship-yards are located there, from which have 
been launched some of the finest "and fleetest vessels of the 
American marine. They are especially noted for beauty of 
model, and excellence of construction. The name of '• JJalti- 
more Clipper" is synonymous, the world over, with all that is 
beautiful in naval architecture, and perfect in the requirements 
of a ^^taun(•h and well-appointed ship. 

Discerning men have perceived the advantages that Baltimore 
ofFei's for the manufacture and sale of agricultural implements. 
In the neiiiliborhood of an agricultuial region, where farms 
command $100 per acre; in close communication with the 



General Description of Baltimore. in 

South and West, where farming is pursued upon a p:ig'antic 
scale ; with a commerce extendinjr to the WeSt Indies and South 
America, no place could be better located for an iinmen&e 
development of this branch of manufactures. The maj>:nitude 
which it has attained, ranks it among the leading pursuits of 
the city. The progress of agricultural science has awakened 
new interest in the subject of fertilization, and, as would reason- 
ably be supposed, it has attracted great attention here. The 
result is, that this has become the great market in the country 
for Guano. Nearly 40,000 tons a year are brought to this port, 
mostly from Peru. The rigid inspection which it undergoes 
here gives it a high character. Other fertilizers are extensively 
manufactured here. 

The oyster-packing business is extensive. Chesapeake oysters, 
so highly esteemed at home and abroad, can be produced in 
inexhaustible quantities. The quick transit which tlie railroad 
furnishes put* the West on a par, almost, with Baltimore, in 
the enjoyment of this delicacy. Thus far, there has been no 
possibility of supplying the demand. Twenty-five establish- 
ments are devoted to the packing business. 

The Flouring-mills in this city and immediate neioJiboihood, 
employ more capital than any other class of manufactures. 
Capitalists and enterprising business men have availed tlietn- 
selves of the tine mill-sites which the streams afford, and have 
pressed steam into their service. The product of these mills is 
immense. The city millers, alone, take in a year upwards of 
1.500,000 bushels of wheat, brought to this market. 

The whiskey trade is large. The amount of sales in this 
article now teaches 300, dOO barrels annually. Of this, one- 
third is the product of city distilleries: the balance is brought 
by railroad. 

The liook Trade is now beginoiing to assume a phase aopro- 
priate to a great and growing city. Priotingj stereot\'ping, 
engraving, lithography, and bitjdiug, are improving accord- 
ingly.- 

In addition, there are extensive manufactories of Hats and 
Caps, Drugs and Chemicals, Silver Ware, Marble, &c., &c# 

The city is lighted with gas, and well supplied with pure and 
wholesome water from public springs and fountains. The thief 
supply of water, however, comes from " Swann Lake," formed for 
the purpose sevei-al miles above the city, on Jones' Falls, from 
which it is conducted by an aqueduct through two reservoirs 
(Hampden and Mount Royal) to the city. Lake Chapman, at 
the Park, is to be the great supply reservoir, when finished, 
(6ee page 74.) 

The government of the city is generally in able hands; and 
the police system has been re-organized so as to render it highly 
efficient in securing good order, and safety to life and properly. 

The places of amusement are not numerous. They present 
upon their stages, however, all the best talent, both native and 



68 



General Description of Baltimore. 



foreig^n. Courses of lectures are provided, in which appear the 
most brilliant speakers that the country affords. The MasopB, 
Odd Fellows, and various other orders maintain healthy organi- 
zations. The Hotels are sufficiently numerous. The Medical 
and Dental Colleges are among the first in the country. The 
churches, chapels, meeting-houses and synagogues, embrace all 
denominations in Christendom. The fialtimoreans being de- 
cidedly a church-going people, these places of worship are gen- 
erally'well attended. 

Baltimore has a great number of private schools and academies 
of the highest class. One need only refer to the daily press at 
commencement to observe the great amount of talent and effort 
in favor of education. Besides these are many others organized 
on a larger scale. 

In 1849, the Baltimore Female 
College, in St. Paul street, an in- 
stitution for the libg-al education 
of yoijng ladies, was chartered by 
the State of Maryland. Its course 
of study and arrangement of classes 
are similar to those of colleges for 
gentlemen. The State has estab- 
lished scholarships in this institu- 
tion for the education of teachers. 
About half its pupils are from 
abroad, a large number coming 
from the Southern States. Prof. 
N. C. Brooks, extensively known 
as an elegant writer and author of 
classical school books, has been President of this College for 
many years. The Convent of the Visitation, in Park street, and 
the Carmelite Nunnery, also have lai-ge schools attached to them. 
But in 1829 was begun that great Public School System which 
has made its mark upon the young with untold effect. In that 
year, the first public school was opened in this city. Now there 
are 28 grammar and 52 primary schools, and about 25,000 chil- 
dren, annually, are educated. The Central High School for 
boys, and Eastern and Western High Schools for girls, afford 
the means of a liberal education to those who have passed 
through the primary schools. The system is now spreading all 
over the State, and yielding its advantages to children of every 
race and color. 

We have not space to enumerate at length all the various 
humane and useful societies of which this city is the centred 
The JIarijland Institute for the promotion of the Mechanical 
Arts, is remarkably successful. The Annual Fair held every 
3'ear in its Hall is one of the chief attractions of the city. The 
Feabodi/ Institute for the encouragement of Art and Science 
among the people, was founded a few years ai;o ypon the muni- 
ficent gift of about $500,000 from Geokqe Peabody, a London 




General Description of Baltimore. 



69 



merchant, formerly a resident of Baltimore. An Insane Asylum 
for the poor has been projected, to carry out the will of the late 
Moses Sheppard, who left $600,000 for the purpose. An exten- 
sive Educational Institution for the benefit of poor children, is 
also beino^ projected, in accordance with the will of the late 
John McDono'gh, of New* Orleans. Various other Humane 
Institutions exist for the Blind, the Insane, the Indijrent, the 
Sick, the Emigrant, the Outcasts of both sexes, all of which indi- 
cate trulv the prevailing tendency of our people. 

As an item of interest, we append the following list, contain- 
ing the number of persons of each name residing in Baltimore 
in^ 1865, indicating the care and trouble necessary to compile 
Directories, and the cause of frequent difficulty in finding indi- 
viduals in large cities : 



97 Adams. 
57 Allen. 
80 Anderson. 
110 Baker. 
54 Bell. 
60 Bennett. 

54 Bond. 
44 Boyd. 

76 Brook. 
323 Brown. 

55 Burns. 
46 Butler. 
60 Campbell. 

IGI Clark or Clarke. 
100 Cook. 
150 Davis. 

86 Evans. 
70 Gray. . 

110 Green. 
129 Hall. 

64 Harrison. 

70 Hughes. 

85 Jackson. 
313 J ohnson or Johnston. 
270 Jones. 
•126 Kelly. 

92 King. 

77 Lee. 
75 Lewis. 

1440 Mc. 
110 Martin. 
360 Miller. 

90 Mitchell. 
113 Moore. 

87 Murphy. 
64 Murray. 



112 Myer. 
218 0. 

64 Parker. 

57 Patterson. 

63 Phillips. 

54 Price. 

89 Read, Reed, or Reid. 

44 Reynold. 

66 Richardson. 

§6 Reilley or Riley. 

19 Robinson. 

49 Ross. 

48 Russell. 
110 vSchmidt. 

77 Scott. 
540 Smith. 
117 Stewart. 

75 Sullivan. 
160 Taylor. 
170 Thomas. 
157 Thompson. 

70 Turner. * 

63 Wagner. 

60 Walker. 

55 Ward. 
54 Warner. 
44 Waters. 
42 W^atkins. 

60 Weaver. 

61 Webb. 
150 White. 
150 Williams. 
149 Wilson. 

90 Wright. 
110 Young. 
220 Z. 



70 



General Description of Jinltimore. 



Directories were issued in this city, for manv years, by Richard 
J. Matchett, Esq., an old and well known printer, now deceased. 
Several have been issued at times by various enterprisinof per- 
eons — Messrs. Murphy & Co., Richard Edwards, and others; 
but latterly John W,' Woods, Esq., an extensive book and job 
printer, has devoted much care and expense to the publication 
of a very complete and satisfactory Directory, from time to 
time, as necessity requires. 

The following list approximates the number of places in the 
city devoted to the several trades and occupations. We select 
only the most important branches. Besides those ^iven, there 
'tfi*e hundreds of others devoted to every variety of manufac- 
ture and barter. Many of the establishments named employ 
five, ten, fifty and a hundred persons, and it would be diffi- 
cult to enumerate the number of individuals engaged in the 
trades. 



18 Agricultural Implements. 

35 Ambrotypes. 

110 Apothecaries and Chemists 
25 Architects and Civil En 

gineers. 
15 Artists. 

215 Attorneys at Law. 

13 Auctioneers. % 
30 Bakeries. 

17 Banks. 
21 Bankers. 

45 Blacksmiths and Wheel- 
rights. 
20 Block and Pump Makers. 
10 Boat Builders. 

14 Book-binders. 
39 Bookstores. 

10 Brass Founders. 
8 Broom, Basket and Wooden 
ware. 

18 Breweries. 

49 Brick-makers. 

83 Brokers (Stock and Merch. ) 
275 Butchers. 

18 Butter-dealers (Wholesale. ) 
120 Cabinet-ware. 
107 Carpenters and Builders. 

36 Carriage-makers. 

12 Carvers. 

13 Chemists (Wholesale.) 
24 China-ware. 

71 Clothing Houses. 

12 Cloths and Cassimeres. 



71 Coal-dealers. 

38j) Commission Houses. 
16 Confectioners (Wholesale.^ 

35 Coopers. 

8 Coppersmith's Works. 
48 Dentists. 

16 Druggists (Wholesale.) 

72 Dry Goods (Retail.) 

41 " " (Wholesale.) 
8 Engravers. * 

36 Fancy Goods. 
8 Florists. 

115 Flour and Feed. 

5 Flour Mills. 

6 Glass Manufactories. 
18 Gloves and Hosiery. 
82 Grocers (Wholesale.) 
15 Guano Depots. 

11 Gun Manufacturers and 

Dealers. 
58 Hardware. 
54 Hats and Caps. 
28 Hide and Leather. 
60 Hotels. 
125 Importers. 

17 Insurance Companies. 
40 " Agencies. 

25 Iron and Steel Dealers. 
13 Iron Foundries. 
184 Jewelers and Silversmiths. 
32 Lamps^and Oil. 
40 Leather. 
70 Liquors (Wholesale.) 



General Description of Baltimore. 



71 



2,000 Liquors (Retail.) 

41 Lumber Merchants. 

40 Livery Stables. 

24 Machinery. 

18 Marble Work. 

56 Merchant Tailors. 

26 Music Teachers. 

16 Newspapers. 

28 Packers of Fruit, &c. 

30 Paper Hangings. 
275 Physicians.' 

11 Piano Factories. 

30 Printing Offices. 
120 Restaurants. 

15 Ship Builders and Marine 



10 Saw and Planing Mills. 
26 Ship-smiths, &c. 
51 Shipping Merchants. 
140 Shoe-stores (Retail.) 
24 Shoe Houses ("Wholesale.) 
375 Shoe-making and Selling. 
10 Steamship Lines. 
29 Stove Stores. 
4 Steam Sugar Refineries. 
125 Cigars and Tobacco (Re- 
tail.) 
,52 Tobacco -dealers (Whole- 
sale. ) 
2 Type Foundries. 
7 Tanneries. 
35 Wood-dealers, &c., &c. 



Railways. 

E. Sachsb & Co., the well known lithographers, have fur- 
nished many beautiful views of Baltimore, among which is a 
very large "Bird's Eye View" of the entire city in 1858, now 
scarce, and a later panoramic set of views, for sale at the book- 
stores. 



INCREASE OF POPULATION. 
Year. * Fop 

1752 200 

1775 .5,934 

1790 13,503 

ISOO... (Doubled in ten vears) 26,514 

1810 ". 35,583 

1^20... (More than doubled in twenty years) 62,738 

1830 80,625 

1840. ..(Nearly doubled in twenty years) 102,313 

1850.... 169,054 

1860... (More than doubled in twenty years) 217,000 

1866...(Estimated) 270,000 



72 Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood. 



INSCRIPTION FOR THE ENTRANCE TO A WOOD. 



** Stranger, if thou bast learned a truth which needs 
No school of long experience, that the world 
Is full of guilt and misery, and hast seen 
Enough of all its sorrows, crimes and cares 
To tire thee of it, enter this Avild wood 
And view the haunts of Nature. The calm shade 
Shall bring a kindred calm, and the sweet breeze 
That makes the green leaves dance, shall waft a balm 
To thy sick heart. Thou wilt find nothing here 
Of all that pained thee in the haunts of man, 
And made thee loathe thy life. The primal curse 
Fell, it is true, upon the unsinning earth. 
But not in vengeance. God hath yoked to guilt 
Her pale tormentor, misery. Hence these shades 
Are still the abodes of gladness; the thick roof 
Of green and stirring branches is alive 
And musical with birds, that sing and sport 
In wantonness of spirit; while below. 
The squirrel, with raised paws and form erect, 
Chirps merrily. Throngs of insects in the shade 
Try their thin wings and dance in the warm beam 
That waked them into life. Even the green trees 
Partake the deep contentment; as they bend 
To the soft winds, the sun from the blue sky 
Looks in and sheds a blessing on the scene. 
Scarce less the cleft-born wild-flower seems t' enjoy 
Existence, than the wing'd plunderer 
That sucks its sweets. The mo^sy rocks themselves, 
And the old and ponderous trunks of prostrate trees 
That lead from knoll to knoll a causey rude, 
Or bridge the sunken brook, and their dark roots 
With all their earth upon them, twisting high, 
Breathe fixed tranquility. The rivulet 
Sends forth glad sounds', and tripping o'er its bed 
Of pebbly sands or leaping down the rocks, 
Seems with continuous laughter to rejoice 
In its own being. Softly tread the marge, 
Lest from her midway perch thou scare the wren 
That dips her bill in water. The cool wind, 
That stirs the stream in play, shall come to thee 
Like one that loves thee, nor will let thee pass 
Ungreeted, and shall give its light embrace." 

William Cullen Bryant, 



The Water Workn, 73 



TPIE WATER WORKS. 

THE arranorements for supplyino^ Baltimore with pure water 
are very extensive, and calculated to suffice lor many years 
to come and a population of over a million.* The projectors of 
these Works, the Park, and other enterprises, are men of com- 
prehensive and capacious minds, who understand the gigantic 
task necessary to satisfy the wants of a large city. The old 
Water Company was established in 1804. and water conveyed 
from Jones' Falls through the city in 1807. Various improve- 
ments and additions were made from time to time, and, in 1854, 
the Company sold to the city its entire rights and properties for 
$1,350,000. " There were thin two reservoirs on Charles street 
near the northern boundary, holding 25,000,000 gallons. In 
1858, the authorities resolved to meet the demand of a growing 
city and erect works of greater magnitude. 

SWANN LAKE. 

Taking advantage of natural conveniences, a noble lake was 
formed at the head of Jones' Falls, near the llelay House, on 
the Northern Central Railroad, about 8 jniles fiorn the city, 
which was named after Gov. Thomas Swann, then Mayor. 
The expense of masonry, bridgi^s, &c., was $112,752. It extends 
over about IIG aci't-s, is 225 feet above tide, and since 1861 has 
uiaintained a supply of 500,000,000 gallons. The dam to hold 
this lake is of immense strength and dui abilitv, built of stone, 
120 feet wide, about 60 feet thick, and 40 feet high : it cost 
about $152,000. A visit to this i^ake is very interesting. The 
drive thither is through a romantic country — the Falls being 
quite picturesque along its entire length. A (-onduit is built 
from the I>sike to the Receiving Reservoir at Hampden. It is 
about 5 miles in length, built of brick and cemented oval in 
shape, five feet wide and six feet in height. About a mile of 
this conduit was accomplished by tunneling under the earth to 
various depths. It cost $536,000. 

HAMrDEN RESERVOIR. 

This work is located on the Fall's Road near Hampden, oppo- 
eite Woodbury and Druid Hill Park, from which it can be seen. 
It occupies about eight acres and is shaped like the letter D, the 

* When the capacity of .Jones' Falls is exceeded, the Gunpowder 
River will afford an jidditionai and unlimited supply. 

7 



74 The Water Works. 



arc beinp^ 1,000 feet and the diameter line about 500 feet. It is 
217 feet above tide, holds about 50,000,000 gallons, and cost 
$206,000. From this base of receival a line of pipes — which 
cost $140,000 — extends across ' the Falls and along the rail- 
road to 

MOUNT ROYAL RESERVOIR. 

This beautiful lake is for distribution through the main pipes 
into the streets of the city. Its location is admirable, overlook- 
ing the city and Bay. It is near the corner of North Avenue 
and the railroad. The scenery immediately around is very 
interesting. The reservoir is circular, 550 feet across, 150 feet 
above tide, has five acres of surface, and holds 30,000,000 gal- 
lons. Cost about $112,000. 

The cost of these Works, when finished, was $1,313,000. Nearly 
160 miles of pipes are laid in the city, which, with other inci- 
dentals, swells the aggregate expense of the Water Works to 
over $3,500,000. These pipes supply about 20,000 houses, 700 
fire-plugs, and over 7,000 special neeils — as baths, &c. 

LAKE CHAPMAN. 

Determining to render the supply of water still more abund- 
ant and secure, under all possible contingencies, the authorities 
purchased the grounds adjoining the south side of Druid Hill 
Park, in which there was an immense natuial basin, for the 
purpose of forming a receiving reservoir. Besides the utility of 
such a lake, it was calculated that the beauties of the Park 
would be wonderfully increased by the improvement. The 
scenery of this neigborhood is very atti-active, and when com- 
pleted there are few cities in the world which will present such 
a magnificent park and stupendous reservoir. The site waa 
named in compliment after Hon. John Lee Chapman, for a num- 
ber of years Mayor of the city. In 1864, the necessary excava- 
tions were commenced, by machinery, &c., and an immense 
dam erected, over 700 feet in length. The work is still in pro- 
gress. From the report of the Engineer, Robert R. Martin, 
Esq., the following description is taken : 

''Lake Chapman, when finished, will have an area of water 
surface of fftij-Jive acres — its greatest length will be 3,200 feet; 
its greatest width will be 900 feet ; inside of Park enclosure it 
will be 300 feet across its narrowest point. Extreme depth of 
water at mouth of drain pipe, 92 feet ; extreme depth of dam 
■will be 98 feet. At the screen well where the effluent mains 
start, there will be 39 feet of water; inside of present Park 
enclosure there will be 20 feet depth of water, and at no point 
will the water be less than 20 feet, except where rock may be 
encountered. The lake when full will contain 600,000,000 gal- 
lons of water. The surface of water when full will be 217 feet 



The Water Works. 75 



above tide — the same as Hampden Reservoir. Take the daily 
consumption of water in the city, which is 10,000,000 praUons 
and divide it into 600,000,000 gallons total capacity, will give 
a supply for 60 days. The dam will be 750 feet in length, from 
north to south, 'its greatest width at lane 520 feet ; width on 
top 40 feet; its greatest depth to foundation on eastern side 116 
feet; in the centre 119 feet; at the western side 103 feet; at the 
north and south ends 17 feet. It will require 500,000 cubic yards 
in its construction. 

"Through the whole extent of the dam from north to south 
an excavation is made 30 feet wide, varying in depth according 
to the distance down to rock foundation. On the north end, 40 
feet in depth has been excavated before reaching rock ; in the 
middle 15 feet, and on the south end 50 feet. In the centre of 
this excavation trench a stone tooth or wall is laid in cement 2 
feet at top, 4 feet at bottom and 5 feet high. On this prepared 
foundation the clay puddle core rests, which is carried up to the 
top of the dam through its whole extent. 

"The screen well or gate house for effluent mains is located 
300 feet from western side of dam and 200 feet from southern 
edge of lake ; is built of stone laid in cement, circular form ; 
its height from surface of water to bottom of foundation is 56 
feet; thickness of wall at bottom 7 feet; at top 4 feet, inside 
diameter 18 feet." 



" When breezes are soft and skies are fair, 
I steal an hour from study and care 
And hie me away to the woodland scene 
Where wanders the stream with waters of green, 
As if the bright fringe of herbs on its brink 
Had given their stain to the wave they drink, 
Tliougli forced to drudge for the dregs of men, 
And scrawl strange words with the baibarous pen, 
And mingle amon^ the jostling crowd, 
Where the sons of strife are subtle and loud, 
I often come to this quiet place 
To breathe the airs that ruffle thy face 
And gaze upon thee in silent dream, 
For in thy placid and lovely stream 
An im<<ge of thai calm life appears 
That won my heart in my greener years." 

Bryant. 



Parka and other Public Jiesorts. 77 



PAKKS AND OTHER PUBLIC RESORTS. 



DRUID HILL PARK. 

THE citizens of Baltimore being greatly in need of a large 
Park, were fortunate enough, in 1860, to find one ready 
made, within half a mile of the city limits. Commissioners were 
authorized to purciiase it, which "they did for about S500,000, 
It was the estate of the Rogers family, comprising about 500 
acres, laid out over a hundred years ago in the style of the 
English parks, and in every respect entirely suited to the pur- 
pose of a pleasure garden' for a large city. It occupies the 
highest point of land in the immediate vicinity of the city. 
From its principal eminences there are noble views of the city 
and the I3ay beyond, down to Kent Island and Annapolis; 
whilst to the eastward, and westward open up a succession of 
inland scenes of great beauty and diversity of character. One 
feature of primary importance in the choice of a location for a 
public park is, that it shall have easy undulations of surface, 
so that the numerous walks and drives can be economically con- 
structed, and yet be so disposed by following the contour lines, 
that the eye shall not be able to trace out their various rami- 
fications. Another is, that wherever detached masses, groups 
and clumps of trees are scattered over the grounds, they shall 
occupy such positions as will produce the finest possible'eff'ect, 
and shall be. of themselves, the noblest specimens of their kind. 
A third is, that the disposition of the woodland shall be such 
that it shall not only form the more appropriate boundary to 
the Park, but that the trees shall be of primitive growth, and 
of the greatest possible variety that is indigenous to the latitude. 
In all these respects Druid Hill is unsurpassed. 

Having been in the possession of the same family for a cen- 
tury and a hnlf, and for a considerable portion of that time 
jealously guarded from intrusion, either the pride which some 
landed proprietors take in conserving the property bequeathed 
to them by their ancestors, or some other motive, fortunately 
prevented the woodman's axe from destroying what has now 
become the crowning ornament of the place' Upon nearly one- 
half of the estate the fine artistic taste of some earlier proprietor 
is everywhere visible. All over the extensive lawn in front of 
the mansion, and stretching thence across a wide .expanse of 
meadow land, magnificent groups and masses of trees still 
7* 



78 Parks and other Puhlic Resorts, 



chequer the surface, and have heen so skilfully arranofed as to 
lead the eve nt every turn throufjh a succession of lonjj, cool, 
green vistas, until the vif-vv is lost in deeply-eni'bayed lecessea 
of the skiitino: woodland, or atnonir the shadows cast by the 
bolder indentations which have been formed in the glades of the 
forest. 

One other peculiarity also to the eye of the practised land- 
scape gardener is particulaily noticeable'. Whoever it was that 
planned the layinir out of the groves at Druid Hill, must have 
had a fine eye for color. The trees are not onlv grouped with 
exquisite taste, but those which were originally selected to 
remain were evidently chosen with a careful regard to the con- 
trasts which would be presented by their autumn foliage. This 
effect hns been further heightened by sutl'tMing single trees, such 
as sassafias and dogwood, to giow up detached from the larger 
masses, and thus to display in their fullest perfection the I'ich 
orange and crimson of their autumn leaves, intensified by being 
placed in apposition to the deep browns and dark purples of the 
oaks, and the bright golden tint of the hickoi-y. This artistic 
skill of the old improver is not only visible in the dressed 
grounds of the place, but is to be seen in the manner in which 
he planted up man^' of the various eminences to the westward 
of the mansion. 

Souie vestiges of those old groups — composed of medium sized 
trees, such as the Catalpa and otheis, backed by Lombardjr 
poplars, adding to the apparent height, whilst perfccung the 
pyramidal form of the mass — still reiuain. 

One of the hickories measures nine feet two inches in circum- 
ference, at the heiglit of five feet fVom the ground ; a grand old 
oak at another point, measures tifte( n feet in circumference and 
overshadows an immense area with the long sweep of its trailing 
limbs. In one of the tine vallevs leading to Jones' Falls there 
'are hickories ninety feet in heijiht. and ranging from eight to 
eleven feet in circumference, and white o;iks which also measure 
ten feet seven inches in girth. These, too, be it remembered, 
are scarcely exceptional specimens, for the whole domain 
abounds in trees of great magnitude. 

.Druid liill is bounded on the east by the Northern Central 
Railwav; west by the lleisterstown road; nor th by the Wood- 
bury Mill I'oad ; and on the south by North Avenue at the dis- 
tance of a third of a mile. The city I'ailway affords access by 
two routes, and the Northern Central Kaihvav another, by 
landing passengers at ('Upper Factory and Woodbury, and thus 
enable them to tr'averse the more secluded arrd I'Oinantic portion 
of the domain, and from thence to make their* way back to the 
city by anv of the numer-ous walks which, following the curva- 
tures of the hills, lead thr-ough the dressed grounds on the 
southern front, and finally drbonvh upon Madison street. As- 
suming Charles and tialtimore streets to be tin; present centre 
of population, the distance to the central entrance gate at Druid 



Parka and other Public Resortis. 79 



Hill is two miles and a half. Another plan contemplates an 
entrance from North Avenue at Mount Royal Reservoir, and 
the new, contemplated wire suspension bridge. It is proposed 
to add to the Park these points, and all the ground intervening 
between, to Lake Chapman on the west side of the Falls. This 
would connect the Park to the city proper. 

Tlie ascent to the mansion in the centre of the Park, is 
gradual. Its height has been found by the survevs of engineers 
to be 326 feet above tide ; whilst ri.^^ing, still gradually, from the 
rear of the mansion is a noble hill, clothed to its summit with 
forest trees, and at its highest point of elevation 3tJ6 feet above 
tide, or 151 feet higher than the Hampden Reservoir. This hill, 
directly in the rear of the mansion, is the great central feature 
of the place. If the reader will now stand with us on the ter- 
race, in front of the mansion, he will see before him, in the 
direction of the city, a sloping lawn, which probably covers 
Bome 25 acres of land, and which, connecting in the middle dis- 
tance with extensive meadows, carries the eye through various 
openings, or interspaces, formed by the skilful grouping of. 
irregular masses of trees, until the various vistas terminate in 
deep bays, or recesses which have been formed in the skirting 
woodland. From the terrace of the mansion — from the remark- 
able conical hill that rises in the rt-ar — and from various other 
eminences, fine views of the city, the river, the Bay, and of the 
country on either side, are to be had, many of which are ex- 
quisitely set in a natuial frame-work of foliage. 

If we picture the mansion as occupying a central position 
half-way up the slope of a semi-circle of hills which recede at 
some points and advance at others, and which, to the eastward, 
send out their spurs to form secluded valleys, which tend in dif- 
ferent dii-ections towards the Falls, and to the westward take 
the shape of a comparatively level plateau, until the latter ter- 
minates at its boundary on the Reisterstown road, and descends 
thence to the north forwards the Woodbury Mill road, we shall 
have some idea of the topogiaphy of Druid Hill. Nearly all the 
land to the eastward of the mansion is densely wooded. The 
arable land to the west and south-west, was once covered with 
pear orchards to the extent of probably 200 acres, and number- 
ing, it is said, 40,000 trees, and 600 varieties of that fruit. 
It had the reputation of being the largest pear orchard either 
in this country or in Europe, and the sale and dispersion of its 
trees attracted considerable attention among the fruit-growers 
and horticulturalists. 

The springs on the place are numerous, and handsomely 
adorned. The mansion is substantial and appropriate; the 
walks and roads are ornamented at som'i points with oriental 
Bummer-houses, statues in marble, vases, urns, kc. Deer, swan 
and other fowl, roam the lawn and the water. The lake is ex- 
tremely handsome in summer, and in winter affords a popular 
skating place. The new gateway on Madison Avenue is a work 
of much beauty. 



80 Parks and other Public Resorts. 



FRANKLIN SQUARE. 

This place is located on the hio^h western part of the city at 
the intersection of Carey and Fayette streets. The neighbor- 
hood is very handsome. From the Square can be seen the Bap- 
tist Church, the Ajjed Women's Home, the Ag^ed Men's Home, 
St. Luke's Church, the Fourth Presbyterian Church. The 
Oiphan Asylum is a square beyond, and the new Catholic Church 
is a fcihort distance to the north-west. 

UNION SQUARE. 

Pleasantly situated at Lombard and Strieker streets, a quar- 
ter of a mile south-west of Franklin Square. 

LAFAYETTE SQUARE. 

Located on an eminence reached by going out Fremont street 
beyond George street. A fetv squares north of it is the Cathe- 
dral Cemetery. 

PATTERSON PARK.. 

Located at the extreme eastern end of Lombard street. This 
contains, also, remains of the earthworks built in 1814. The 
situation is extremely beautiful. The city and the Bay can be 
overlooked for miies. 

JACKSON SQUARE 

Is situated near the Odd Fellows' Monument and overlooks 
the entire city. When improved, it will doubtless be a promi- 
nent feature among our attractions. 

FORT MARSHALL. 

These earthworks were erected by the United States Volun- 
teers dui ing 1862. The situation commands the harbor and the 
eastern side for miles. 

FEDERAL HILL. 

This hill is an old landmark of Baltimore. It is very high, 
and commands a view over the city and many miles down the 
]iay. The sand pits beneath having been greatly excavated, 
the hill is in danger of gradual deci-ease. In 1862, the United 
States Volunteers erected a f'oit there, which remains as an 
object of interest to those familiar with the exciting history of 
the Seces-sion War, and which will probably mark the spot for 
years, unless the spirit of improvement and innovation should 
dt'cree its destruction and the leveling of the hill, to make room 
for warehouses and shipping. No stranger should omit a visit 



Parka and other Public Renorts. 81 



to this place. Hours can be spent in viewing the panorama of 
enterprise and trade spread oat around this eminence as far as 
the eje can reach. 

FORT McHENRY. 

This famous Fort is erected on the extreme end of Whetstone 
Point, and about three miles from the Court House, on the site 
of the Water Battery built there in 1775 (see page 30.) The 
entrance of the harbor at that place is about half a mile wide.' 
It is historical with events in 1814 and in 1861-5, and is well 
worthy a visit. It was durinj; the bombardment of this Fort, in 
1814, that the celebrated national anthem, ''The Star Spangled 
Banner," was composed by Francis S. Key, who was a prisoner 
at the time in one of the British ships. It received its name 
in compliment to James McHenry, an early prominent citizen. 

THE EASTERN FOUNTAIN". 

This spring is ornamented and surrounded by an oblong spot 
of ground covered with shade trees. It is a great summer resort 
for children and others. Many Germans from that part of the 
city frequent it for recreation. On Sabbath evening, especially, 
the numerous foreigners in their holiday suits give the place the 
air of a European garden. 

CALVERT STREET SPRING. 

This is a small enclosure a few squares north of the Battle 
Monument. A monument to General Armistead (famous for the 
defense of Fort McHenry in 1814) was erected here, but is now 
gone to ruin. 

HERRING RUN, 

About 4 miles on the Philadelphia road, is a famous place for 
gudgeon fishing, as also is the Viaduct, a couple of miles on 
the opposite side of the city on the Washington Railroad. There 
is a Race Course at Herring Run. 

NORTH POINT, 

The site of a battle, September 12th, 1814, is also a pleasant 
resort. 

GOVANSTOWN, 

A village 4 miles from the city, is pleasantly located, and 
often visited by parties desiring a pleasant diive. 

THE LOWER CANTON HOUSE, 
About 3 miles down the Patapsco, is a delightful water view. 



62 Parks and other Public Resorts. 

FRANKLIN ROAD 

Is much frequented by persons desiring a quiet, rustic drive. 

BROOKLYN 

Is the name given to a new town on the shore opposite the 
extreme end of Light street (Ferry Bar.) The bridge here is 
seven-eighths of a jnile in length, and was erected by R. 0. Crisp 
at a cost of $35,000. It has a draw of 42 feet, for the passage 
of vessels, and a wharf for the loading of produce. This bridge 
is a great resort for fishing parties. Boats and tackle are to be 
had during the season. 

Steamboat Excursions take place almost every day during 
the summer season, to Annapolis, Cambridge, St. Michaels, 
Easton, Old Point, Norfolk, Richmond, West River, and various 
other points down and beyond the Bay, and also to camp-meet- 
ings and political gatherings. These trips on the water afford 
delightful recreation to parties and families and are greatly 
patronized. 



' I HAVE a cottagfi where the south wind comes 
Cool from the spicy pines, or with a breath 
Of the mid-ocean salt upon its lips, 
And a low, lulling, dreamy sound of waves, 
To breathe upon me as I lie along 
On my white violets, marveling at the bees 
That toil but to be plundered, or the mart 
Of striving men, whose bells I sometimes hear 
When they will toss their brazen throats at heaven, 
And howl to vex me. But the town is far, 
And all its noises ere they trouble me 
Must take a convoy of the scented bref»ze 
And climb the lulls and cross tiie bloomy dales 
And catch a whisper in the swaying grain, 
And hear unfiithful echoes from the woods, 
And mix with bhds and streams and fluttering leaves." 

George H. BoTeer. 







km 




WASHINGTON {V;Oi\UM£NT. 



Monuments. 



83 



MONUMENTS 



' I pray you let us satisfy our eyes 
"With the memorials and the things of fame 
That do renown this city." 




WASHINGTON" MONUMENT. 
"Where is the Wasliinn^ton Monument? I want to see that 
Jir'sH IS the exclamation of many visitors to Baltimore. We 
will tell jou how to get to it first, and then describe it. If you 



84 Monuments, 



are in Baltimore street, get into the car on the corner of North 
street and that line will carry you out to the immediate neiarh- 
borhood of the Monument, pasHtn^ the Battle Monument on your 
way. Or, you can get in the Madison Avenue line and go out 
Eutaw to Monument street, where the beautiful column is seen 
at f;)ur squares distance. On arriving there, you can spend 
half an hour walking about the Square, which is appropriately 
called " Mount Vernon," after the home of Washington. Your 
impressions will doubtless be pleasing. Travelers over Europe 
have remarked that for simple gracefulness and grandeur this 
Monument and its surroundings are nowhere surpassed. 

The column is erected in a square of 200 feet, formed by the 
intersection of Monument and Charles streets. The area enclosed 
by the iron railing is about 100 feet in diameter. The corner- 
stone was laid on the 4th of July, 1816, and the statue placed on 
the summit 19th October, 1830. The height of the ^Monument 
from the ground is 18U feet; above tide 280 feet. Height of 
the statue 15 feet; its cost $17,000; and weight 16 tons. Num- 
ber of steps to the gallery surmounting the capital, 220. Robert 
^lills, architect. The following inscription is divided upon the 
four sides of the base of the Monument : 

TO 

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 

BY THB 

STATE OF MARYLAND. 



Born, February 22, 1732. 

Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, June 15, 1776. 

Trenton, December 25, 1776. 



Yorktovon, October 19, 1781. 

Commission Resigned at Annapolis, December 23, 1783. 

President of the United States, March 4, 1789. 

Metired to Mount Vernon, March 4, 1797. 



Died, December 14, 1799. 

Extending toward the four quarters are handsome greens 
enclosed in railing. The houses around are mostly private 
residences. The Peabody Institute, on the south side, forms aa 



JHonuments. 



85 



additional ornament to the place. Visitors can ascend the 
Monument duiintj the week, by payin^ a small fee. Two 
squares west is Grace Church : one block further to the north 
of it is the First PresbN'terian Church, one of the most beautiful 
in the countrv ; near by, also, on Cathedral street, is the 
Emmanuel { hurch. A short distance south of the Monument 
is the Cathedral. 




BATTLE MONUMENT, 

Erected in Monument Square, under the direetwn of the 
city government, to the memory of the citizens who fell in 
defense of the city at the battle of North Point and bombard- 
ment of Fort McHenry, on the 12th and 13th of September, 

1814. The corner stone was laid on the 12th of September, 

1815. Tiie shaft of the Monument presents a fasces, symbolical 
of the Union; the rods are bound by a fillet, on which are 
inscribed the names of the heroes killed, because by their jrlori- 
ous death they strengthened the bands of the Union. The fasces 
is ornamented at the bottom on the north and south fronts with 
bass-reliefs, one representing the battle of North Point and 
death of General lloss ; the other, the bombardment of Fort 
McHenry. On the fronts, east and west, are lachrymal urns, 

o 



Ilonuvienta, 



emblems of regret and tears. On the top are two wreaths — one 

<of laurel, expressive of glory ; the other of cypress, expressive 
of mourning. Each centre of the Egyptian cornice is adorned 

>with a winged globe; the globe represents eternity, the wings, 
time, which flies. The edifice is entirely of marble, surmounted 

tby a colossal statue, representing the city of Baltimore. The 
head of the figure wears a mural crown, emblematic of cities. 
In one hand is a rudder, emblem of navigation; in the other 
she raises a croion of laurel as she looks towards the field of 
battle. At her feet are an eagle of the United States and a 

(bomb, in memory of the bombardment. The Monument is 
enclosed with an iron railing, outside of which are chains 
fastened to marble cannons. The height, without the statue, is 
42 feet 8 inches— the statue, 9 feet 6 inches— total height, 52 feet 
2 inches above the platform. The sculpture was executed by 

:Signor Antonio Capeleno. 

The following inscriptions appear on the diflferent sides of this 
Monument.: • 

BATTLE OP NORTH POINT, 

illih of September, A. D. 1814, and of the Independence of ths 
United States the Thirty-ninth. 

■BOMBARDMENT OF FORT McHENRY, 
September 13, A. D. 1814. 



■ John Lowry Donaldson, Adjutant Tlth Regiment. 

Gregoriiis Andre, Lieut, id Rifle Battalion. 

Levi Clafett^ 3d Lieut, in Nicholson's Artillerists. 

G. Jenkins, 11. G. McComas, 

J). Wells, J. Bnrneston, 

J. Richardson, W. McClellan, 

R. K. Cooksey, W. Alexander, 

G. Fallier, J. WaUacJc, 

T. V. Beeston, J. Jejyhson, 

J. a Bijrd, B. Howard, 

E. Marriott, W. Ways, 

J. H. Marriott, of John, J. Dunn, 

G. Bell, J. Armstrong, 

P. Byard, J. Clemm, 

M. Desk, B. Reynolds, 

T. Garrett, J. Craig, 

J. Gregg, J. Merriken, 

R. Neale, A. Randall, 

G. Cox, J. Evans, 

J. H. Cox, U. Prosser, 

J. Hauhert, 1. Wolf, 

JB. Bond, D. Davis, 



Monuments. 



87- 



In this enduring: manner is perpetuated the names of 'the 
humblest soldiers as well as the titled officers who fell in that 
gallant defense of our city. We copy them to aid in honoring 
their memory as having: died for their country, and as deserv- 
ing of our grateful recollection. 




THE ODD-FELLOWS' (WILDEY) MONUMENT. 



This novel and unique structure, subject to much criticism as 
a work of art, but worthy of attention as one of the vaiieties of 
architectural taste and design, and as being technical, is located 



88 Monuments. 



on Broadway, above Baltimore street, at a point where it can 
be seen from an immense dist:ince. 

The object of the desitrn is to convev. in a memorial to Past 
Grand Sire Thomas Wilder, the founder of the Independent 
Order of Odd-Fellows in America, the idea of his eonneciion 
with and fosterinor care of the Order, whose intent it is to sup- 
port throughout all quarters of the world, the principle of 
Charity, and that this Order was raised on a comparatively 
rough ield of operations, until it has attain-'d beautiful and 
commanding proporti<ms. To embody the main features of this 
train of history in the proposed monumental structure, the 
design includes a rough or natural rocky-faced granite base, ten 
feet square, with its diagonal points setting truly with the points 
of the compass. From this arises the white marble b-ise of the 
superstructure. On this base-block, on the four tiiangles which 
are curved in elevation, are carved in hass-reUef Xhe productions 
of the Xorth American Continent. Also, on the four sides of 
this base block, are carved the following inscriptions. The 
north-west facing contains the words : 

The Site for this Jromtment was unanimounltf voted bjj the 
JIayor and Uity Council of Baltimore. 

Upon the north-east is lettered the sentiment : 

He tcho realizes that the true mission of 

Man on earth is to rise above the level of individual 

iiijiuence, and to recognize the Fatherhood of 

God ovrr alt, and the brotherhood of 

JJan, is Aature's true nobleman. 

The opposite sides record the facts : 

Thomas WHdey, 

Born Jonuari/ 15, 1783. 

Died Oit. 19, 1^61. 

Above this base or plinth is the dado, or pedestal, having on 
the southern face the seal of the Grand Lodge of the United 
States, carved io bass-reHef. On the eastern and western facings, 
carvings of a similar character of Faith and Hope. The northern 
face contains the memorial inscription in the following words: 

This Column, erected by the joint contributions of the Lodgea, 

Encampment* and Individual J/embers of the Indepfudent 

Ordtr of Odd-FeUowM of the United States of Anierita 

and jnri'dictinus thereunto belonging. comniemoratcH 

the founding of that Order in the City of 

Baltimore, nn the 2i'>th day of 

April, 1819. by 

TROMAS WILDEY. 



Monnmenta. 



The pedestal supports a full order of the Grecian Doric archi- 
tecture, tvpityinff by the beauty of its piopottiors and the 
simplicity of its character, the Independent Order of Odd-Fel- 
lows. On the f(»ur faces of the frieze of the entabhiture are 
carved the emblems of the Order — the three links, the heart and 
hand, the bundle of rods', and the jrlobe. The Order api)ropri- 
ately supports a life-size figure of Charity protectinfij orphans, 
thus blendintj the theory and principles of the Fraternitv with 
the recollections of the services of Past Grand iSire Wildey. 
The entire height of the structure is 52 feet, and its cost about 
$18,000. 

This Monument was dedicated April 26, 1865, at which time 
an immense concourse of Odd-Fellows from all parts of the 
country assembled and paraded in full reo^alia with music. It 
was the grandest display of Odd-Fellows that ever occurred on 
this continent. In order to explain more fully the desijrn of 
the pillar and the character of Wildey's work," we append the 
foUowinjif extracts from an Address delivered on the occasion, 
by Henry F. Garey, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
Maryland: 

''Many years a»o, Thomas Wildey and John Welch, two 
Entjiislimcn then residing in this city, inserted in the Baltimore 
American the following : 

" 'NOTICE rO A LL ODD-FELLOWS.— A few members of 
the HOcii'Aji of Odd- Fellow 1 wilt be (jlad to rmet their brethren for 
coimnltation upon the subject of formiuq a Lod'je. The meeting 
will be held on Frida;/ evening, the 2d March, 1819.' 

"This advertisement was continued for one month, but failed 
to assemble a sufficient number for the purpose indicated, and 
again the advertisement was reinserted in the same paper on 
the 27Lh day of March, 1819, which produced the desired effect. 
On the 13th day of April, 1819, Messrs. John Welch, John 
Duncan, Jdhn Clieatham and Richard Ilushworth assembled at 
the dwelling of Thomas Wiidev, and arrang<'d with him the pre- 
liminaries for the formation of a Lodge of Odd-Fellows, and on 
the 2Gth day of the same month and vear the purpose was con-- 
sum mated by the institution of Washington (iOdge, No. 1. 

"The subscriber to the American, \n 1819, who might have • 
casually glanced at this brief summons, could have had no pre-- 
ecience that it was the womb of one of the grandest institutions, 
of the nineteenth century. Nor could he be blamed for his; 
blindnf'ss, for even had he known the men, and their purposes,. 
he might have been moved onl}' to laughter or derision. The- 
agitatftr of this movement, was himself signally obscure. Aui 
Englishman of the common people of that then detested nation,, 
he was seeking to inti'oduce an elenunt modeled after a society 
exclusively British, ju-<t at the close of a war with that country,, 
and iu a city which but recently had been menaced by its fleets. 
The peace (if 1815 had left a prejudice against England iu iJalti— 
8* 



90 3fonnment8. 



more, which had been sedulously fostered, and besides, the man 
was a poor and humble mechanic, with no pretensions to learn- 
ino:, eloquence or social position ; his associates were men of like 
stamp and class, and he and they in this great moral movement, 
invoked no aid from the great leaders of public opinion, the 
press, the platform, or the pulpit. In fact, so far as the last 
was concerned, it really seemed that these men were about to 
create a social feature which it became the duty of the clergy 
either to reform or to destroy. And if the leaders of the people 
did not greet it with rebuke and censure, it was because it 
seemed too weak and insignificant to require their attention. 
But it has lived, and grown, and spread out like a great cloud, 
beneath whose shadow the angels of charity minister to the 
woes of humanity, and from whose teeming bosom gushes the 
early and the latter rain of love and fraternity thi-ouiih all 
the homes and hamlets of the land. The existence of the Order, 
begun under such gloomy auspices, from that day to this pre- 
sents a singular and instructive chronicle, without which no 
history of the last fifty years of this wonderful country can be 
written. I cannot stop to tell of the first ten years of toil and 
sacrifice which put its principles before the American public — 
toil and sacrifice mainly encountered and expended by Wilde}', 
whose life and fortunes were bound up and identified with those 
principles. In 1825, he resigned the leadership of the move- 
ment to the representatives of the Grand Lodges by hi in estab- 
lished, and took his place in the ranks of the army which had 
Jbeen by him enlisted. From that time until 1861, he continued 
to give his means and his energies to the Order. What need to 
relate his travels east, west, noith and south, sowing tlie seeds 
■ of the good work — of his pilgrimages to England to secure the 
.independence of the Order in Amei-ica, and of his final success 
iin all his designs; witnessing at the last as he sunk peacefully 
.to rest on the 19th day of October, 1861, assembled around liim 
;a whole generation of the wise and good to do him revei-ence ; 
Lodges and Grand Lodges pushing on the work in Canada, in 
rthe Isles of the Pacific, and in all the States and Territoi-ies of 
ITais adopted country. Let the future historian when he writes 
lof this obscure and illiterate man, the humble life of this poor 
imechanic, also tell of the extraordinary good f)rtune which 
r-crowned its termination. He died with a name made famous 
-among millions, the lips of the fatherless and widow invoking 
Lblessingsupon him, the sick man from his chamber and the dead 
ifrom his bier, giving mute but eloquent utterance of the human- 
ilty of his mission — the high places of the earth making room for 
liis labors, and the platform, the press and the pulpit, accepting 
;:and endorsing his philanthropy — his children in the Older 
ixecognizing his cares and labors, and placing him high in the 
Hist of public benefactors. The inscription upon his tomb is 
tthus written in the archives of the Order : 

"'Four hundred and twenty-seven thousand members ini- 



Monuments, 91 



tiated ; twenty-one millions of dollars paid into the Treasury ; 
more than five millions of dollars paid for needful and ordinary 
expenses; about nine millions of dollars, to t uiy the dead, 
nurse the sick and educate the orphan, with a fund in reserve 
foi- the same purposes, of about seven millions of dollars; five 
hundred and sixty thousand brothers relieved ; thirty-ei,2:ht 
thousand bereaved families administered to; and in Maryland 
alone, about thi-ee thousand orphans educated, and more than 
five hundred placed at trades or other industrial employments^; 
thousands of noble structures dedicated to the purposes of the 
Order; numerous and splendid libraries opened freely to the 
membership, and an intiuence through that membership directly 
exerted upon more than one million individuals of the race!' 

"Can it be Avondered, then, that the survivors of this tein<\rk- 
able man, should seek yet more prominently to present him 
before the world? Actuated by sentiments common to all Odd- 
Fellows, the Grand Lodjre of Maryland, October 21, 18GI, 
instiucted its representatives to the Grand Lodire of the United 
States, to brines before that body the propriety of erecting a 
monument to his memory. That Body unanimously adopted 
the sufjsrestion, and ordered a circular to be directed to each 
Grand Lodg-e of the Order, requestino^ contributions from 
Lodfjes and members, to be held and expended for thnt purpose. 
At once the call was met, and the amount necessary rapidly 
contributed, and paid. 

"Baltimore has been called the City of Monuments; — over- 
lookinji^ her spires, her marts, her mansons, her riches, and 
her teeming population, the ' Father of the Counti'y ' in majestic 
marble adoins her: while in humbler prnpoitions the shaft 
inscribed with the names of .Maryland's pntiiots rises to com- 
memorate the illustrious dead. JS'or is it unwoithy or pre- 
sumptuous that this pile should rise to Wiidey where the 
honored patiiots and the Pater Patrice are made i-nmortal : for 
Wiidey is no longer a man, but a principle, for he has embodied 
himself in Amei-ican Odd-Fellowt-hip ; his enlar<red philanthropy 
has passed thi'ough the hearts of men like fire from htaven, and 
his works are sculptured in lising temples of benevolence and 
obligations of fraternity among the thousands that survive 
him." 



THE McDOXOGH STATUE 

IN GREENMOUNT CEMETEEY. 

John ^fcDono^igh was born in Baltimore in 1779, but resided 
the principal pjirt of his life in New Orleans. He was tucceasful 
in mercantile puisuits, and especially in the purchnse of lands, 
which increased his weallh to millions. He lived very temper- 



92 



Jfoniiments. 



atelvand attained the agre of seventy-one, dvinnr in New Orleans 
in 1850. Mr. McDonof^h was of a philanthropic character; a 
great friend of colonization in Liberia, and other humane enter- 
prises. At his death he devised the whole of his fortune to the 
cities of New Orleans and Baltimore for the founding of an 
extensive institution for the education of poor children and other 
purposes. The scheme is grand and important; it is to be 
hoped bv everj friend of the humble poor, that it may be car- 
ried out successfully. 








MCDONOGH MONUMKNT. 

The Statue, considerably larger than life, is erected in a con- 
spicuous position on an elevated portion of Greenmount Ceme- 
tery. The monument consists of a massive granile base, sup- 
poiting a maible pedestal, 14 feet high, upon which the statue 
is reared. The figure is natural and expressive, and was sculp- 
tured by Randolph, of this city. 



Monuments, 93 



Upon the front side of the pedestal is the following inscrip- 
tion : 

SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF JOHN McDONOUGU, 

Born in this City, December 29, 1779. 

Died in the Town of McDonogh, Louisiana, October 26, 1850. 



(Written by himself) — 

Here lies the body of John McDonogh, of New Orleans, 

Lonifiiana, one of the United States of America, son of 

John and Elizabeth McDonogh, of Baltimore, 

Maryland, also one of the United States of 

America, awaiting- in firm and full faith 

the resurrection and the coming of his 

glorious Lord, Redeemer and 3Ia8~ 

ter to judge the world. . 

On the left side is carved : 

Mules for piy guidance in life, in 1804 : Remember that labor 

is one of the conditions of our exixtenee. Time is gold ; 

throw not one minute away, but pl-ace each one to 

account. Do unto all men as you v^ould be done 

by. Never put off till to-morrow that which 

you can do to-day. Never bid another 

do ivhat you can do yourself. Never 

covet lohat is not your own. Never 

think any matter so trivial as not to deserve 

notice. Never give out that ichich does not 

first come in. Never spend but to produce. Let the 

greatest order regulate the transactions of your life. Study 

in the course of your life to do the greatest possible amount of good. 

On the right is the following : 

Deprive yourself of 
nothing necessary to your 
comfort, but live in an honorable 
simplicity and frugality. Labor 
then to the last moment of your exist- 
ence. Pursue strictly the above rules, 
and the Divine blessing and riches of every 
kind will flow uj)on you to your heart's content, 
but first of all remember that the chief and great 
study of your life should be to tend by all ihe means 
in your power to the honor 'and glory of the Divine Creator, 

Joun McDonogh. 
New Orleans, 3Iarch 2, 1804. 



Monuments, 



The conclusion to which I have arrived is 

that without temperance there is no health, without virtue no order, 

without religion no happiness, and the 

sum of our being is to live wisely, soberly and righteously. 

These inscriptions were copied from the monuraeot which Mr. 
McDonogh had prepared under his own supervision, and 
which is now standinoj in the town of McDonogh, opposite 
New Orleans, where lies most of his property, bequeathed by the 
testator to that city for benevolent purposes. 

The remaining side of the pedestal reads that this Monument 
was 

Erected by the constituted authorities of Baltimore, 

In memory of 

JOHN McDONOGB, 

and as a testimonial of their appreciation of his character and 

munificent liberality for the promotion of a great 

public enterprise — 

The Education of Orphans. 

Committee — 

John Lee Chapman, Mayor; 

James Young, President of First Branch; , 

Samuel Duer, President of Second Branch City Council. 



Besides those here mentioned, there are many handsome 
memorials erected to the honor of distingiiislied persons less 
generally known, to be seen in our various cemeteries. Junius 
Brutus IBooth, the eminent tragedian, is buried in Baltimore 
Cemetery, Commodore Truxton in Greenmount, &c., &c. 



THE MERCHANTS' SHOT TOWER. 

This lofty building, corner of Favette and Front streets, is 
the only one remaining of three which formerly attracted the 
gaze of strangers. The one on Gay street was removed about 
1849 ; the second, on Eutaw street near Camden, was burned 
out and removed about the same time. The present tower bears 
the date of 1828, and is oa the site of the old Baptist meeting- 
house, the first one of that denomination in the city (see page 
29.) The height is 246 feet, the base 40 feet in diameter, the 
top 20 feet. The walls' at the base are 4>^ feet thick, tapering 
up to 18 inches at tlie summit. Ibe masonry is beautiful, and-; 
comprises 1,100,000 bricks. It is said the top oscillates 8 or 10' 
inches during a strong wind. Th« prospect from this tower is 
beautiful, but is rarely visited, as few persona are equal to the 
labor of ascending its steep stairway, or have nerve enough to 
gaze from such a height. 



Monuments. 



96 




THE MERCHANTS , SHOT TOWER. 



ELEVATIONS ABOVE TIDE. 

Feet. 

Base of Maryland Institute 6 

Base of Shot Tower 13 

Base of Battle Monument. 35 

Penitentiary 52 

Greenmount Cemetery Gate 81 

Observatory on Federal Hill 83 

Washington Monument 98 

Odd-Fellows' Monument 100 

Maryland Hospital 108 

Franklin Square 114 

Cathedral lU 

Patterson Park 125 

Mount Royal Reservoir 150 

Corner of Lanvale and Grundy streets 152 

Bay View Asylum = 157 

Gate at Baltimore Cemetery 167 

Corner of Pennsylvania Ave. and Fremont st... 187 

Corner of .Franklin and Fulton streets 189 

Corner of Pennsylvania and North Avenues 220 

Swann Lake 225 

Park Mansion 326 

Highest Hill in Park , 366 



Churches. 97 



CnUECHES. 



"Except the Lord build the house 
They labor in vain that build it." 

"I was glad when they said unto me, 
Let us go into the houge of the Lord." • 

** Hear this, all ye people, 
Give ear, all ye inhabitants of the world. 
Both low and high, rich and poor together." 

" Sing unto the Lord, bless his name, 
Show forth his salvation from day to day, 
Declare his glory among the heathen, 
His wonders among all people. 
For the Lord is great, and greatly to be praised j 
He is to be feared above all gods, 
For all the gods of the nations are idols, 
But the Lord made the heavens. 
Honor and majesty are before Him, 
Strength and beauty are in His sanctuary. 
Give unto tlie Lord the glory due unto His name, 
Bring an offering and come into His courts. 
0, worship the i-ord in th<^ beautv of holiness. 
Be thankful unto Him and bless llis name, 
Enter into His gates Avith thanksgiving 
And into His courts with praise. 
Fear before Him, all the earth. 
Know ye that the Lord He is God, 
For He cometh to judge the earth. 
He sball judge the world with righteousness 
And the people with His truth." 

Extracts from the Pacdms. 



BLTILDINGS for Divine worsTiip are quite numerous in this 
city, there being not less than one hundred and fifty churches, 
besides a number of meeting places in halls, &c., of regularly 
constituted religious associations. Many of these are very band- 
some, and aid greatly in the decoration of the streets. We 
append a list of all the churches, under denominational heads. 
Some are conspicuous for architectural beauty and novelty 
9 



88 



Churches. 




of design. Many others are 
neat and well-appointed in 
every respect. Those printed 
in italics are the most pro- 
minent in each denomination, 
and most generally sought 
by transient visitors. 

The First Presbyterian 
Church is one of the 'hand- 
somest structures in the Uni- 
ted States. It is on the cor- 
ner of Madison and Park 
Sltreets, and built of brick, 
iron, and the celebrated New- 
Brunswick freestone in rich 
Gothic style. The graceful 
steeple, not yet quite com- 
pleted, is to rise 250 feet 
from the pavement. The 
church is 150 feet long and 
64 feet wide. The parson- 
age, built of yellow stone, 
and adjoining, affords a plea- 
sant contrast to the brown 
stone of the main edifice. 
The ornamental carving of 



FIHST PRESBYTERIA.N CnUnOH. 



Churches. 



99 



both is exquisite and extremely pleasino:. No en^ravinor can 
do it justice. Starkweather, architect. The .SY'conrf and Central 
Pre>shyterian churches are imposing in position and finish. The 
turreted steeple of the Westminster 
Church is peculiarly interesting to 
literary sight-seers as overshadowing 
the remains of the gifted American 
poet, Edgar A. Pok. The Franklin 
Square Pre>ihijterian Church is built 
ot white rough-hewn stone, and is 
exceedingly beautiful. The Episcopal 
churches, St. Paul's and Grace, are 
very costly structures. The former 
was founded by the Colonial authori- 
ties in 1731, and was the first church 
in the city. It is seen in the view ~-;;^j^, 
taken in 1752. A new building was ^1 
erected in 1817, which was destroyed 
by fire in 1852, since which the pre- 
sent one has been built. The situa- 
tion is prominent, overlooking old- 
town (page 54.) Emmanuel Church is 
a massive stone house and tower, im- 
posing and fortress-like in appear- 
ance. The Memorial Church is espe- 
cially interesting as a testimonial to 
the memory of Rev. Dr. H. V. D. 




ST. ALPHONSUS ( GERMAN) CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



100 



Churches. 



Johns, an eminent clero^yman of the denomination. St. Luke^s 
Church contains costly ornamental windows and other adorn- 
mentg suited to the sacred character of the place. The Cathedral 
is one of the most celebrated Roman Catholic edihces on the 
continent (see pag^e 56.) It is 190 feet long- and 177 feet broad ; 
its dome is 69 feet in diameter, and 95 feet from the centre to 
the floor, and 127 feet from the floor to the top of the cross. 
The or^an has 36 stops and 600 pipes. There are several rare 
paintings in the interior. All the Catholic churches are hand- 




WE6"^WIN?TER PP.ESBYT£AN nwiiPr*! 



Bomely frescoed. The paintinp: on the ceilinor of St. Ignatius' 
Church is. magnificent. The St. Atphonsus Church is 150 feet 
long^ and 64 feet wide, and has a steeple. of great symmetry 205 
feet high. The other churches of this denomination are gener- 
ally of imposing appearance and durable material. The 
Methodist Episcopal Churches are less pretentious in style; the 
Charles street being the most ornamental, the Madison Avenue 
the most imposing in position, and the Li(/h( street the mcst 
historical— in this last, marly all the great leaders of American 



Churches. 



101 



Methodism have attracted public attention from time to time 
during eighty years. Summerfield, Maffitt, and others, have 

E reached there to generations passed and passing away. The 
istory of this building, to which so many have been added 
throughout the city, until Methodist organizations are the most 
numerous in our midst, and the denomination has become a 
great power in the State, would be an interesting and sugges- 
tive work. The Independent Methodist Church, on the corner 
of Madison Avenue and Preston street, and the Chatsworth, on 




EMANUELPROT. EPiS. CliUROH 



Pine street, are handsome buildings. The First ("Round 
Top,") the Second ('on Broadway,) the Seventh (on Paca 
street,) and the Franklin Square, all Baptist churches, are built 
in different styles, without much pretense to ornament. The 
Univcrsalist (corner of Canal and Baltimore streets.) the Uni- 
tarian (corner of Charles and Franklin streets,^ and i\\Q Sweden- 
borf/ian (in Orchard near Madison street,) are all of different 
and unique styles. 
9* 



102 



Churches. 




SEVENTH BAPTIST CHURCH. 



LIST OF CHURCHES. 



Protestant Episcopal. 

St. PauVs Corner of Saratoo^a and Charles streets. 

St. Peter's Corner of Sharp and Germail streets. 

Christ ......' Corner of Gay and Fayette streets. 

St. Andrew's *. Hiirh, north of Lombard street. 

Church of Ascension .' Lexin<jton, east of Pine street. 

Grace Church Corner of Monument and F^ark streets. 

Mount Calvary Corner of Eutaw and Madison streets. 

St. Mark's Lombard, west of Fremont street. 

Cranmer Chapel, Corner of Muliikin and Sprinof streets. 

Trinity Corner of Broadway and Pratt street. 

St. Stephen's Hanover st., corner of Welcome alley. 

St. Luke's Franklin Square, Carey street. 

West Baltimore Mission - Frederick Turnpike. 

Emmanuel Corner of Reed and Cathedial streets. 

St. Barnabas' Chapel Biddle north of George street. 

Church Sti John Baptist Barre west of Eutaw street. 

Holy Innocents' Chapel Chase e^ist of Eden street. 

Memorial Townsend near Garden street. 

St. Thomas' Chap?l Homestead. 

Trinity Chapel (colored) Bank east of Bond street. 

St. James' (colored) Corner of Notth and Saratoga streets. 

Zion Church Corner of Baltimore and Gilmor streets. 

Presbyterian. 

First, Presbyterian Corner of Madison and Park streets. 

Second " Corner of Baltimore and Lloyd streets. 

Fourth " South side of Franklin Square. 

Central " Corner of Saratopra and Liberty streets. 

Aisquith Street Corner of Aisquiih and Edward streets. 



Churches. 



103 




CRANKL'N ST. PflJlSB C-HORCH 



ST. FKANCIS XAVIER (coL ) 



Broadway Corner of Broadway and Gniijrh street. 

Franklin Street Corner of Franklin and ("athedial streets. 

Westminster Church Corner of Fayette and Green streets. 

Twelfth Presbyt'n.... Franklin bet. Chatsworth and Fremont sts. 

South. Presbyterian Light near Montgomery street. 

Associated (church Fayette bet. Liberty and Charles streets. 

First Constitutional Corner of Green and German streets. 

Associated Reformed Church.. Corner of Madison and iiiddle sts. 

Harford Avenue Harfoid Avenue junction ^ii^quith street. 

Madison Presb_yteriaa (colored) Madison near Park street. 

Roman. Catholic. 

Cathedral Corner of Cathedral and Mulberry streets. 

St. A^phonam (German). ..Corner of Park and Saratoga streets. 

St. Bridget's Canton. 

St. Palrick\ Corner of Broadway and Bank street. 

St. Vincent de Paul's 23 North Front street. 

St. Mary's Chapel. ..St. Mary's Seminary, Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Carmelite Chapel.... Aisquith south of Orleans street. 

St. Ignatinn Coi'ner of Calvert and Madison streets. 

St. James' (German) Aisquith south of Eager street. 

St. Francis' Chap, and Col'd Sisters Prov... Richmond n. Park st. 
St. Francis Xavier (col'd). ..Corwer of Calveit and Pleasant sts. 

St. Joseph's Corner of Barre and Howard'streets. 

St. Petei-'s Corner of Poppleton and Hollins streets. 

St. John's Corner of Eager and Valley streets. 

St.' Michael's (German) Corner of Lombard and Ann streets. 

Immaculate Conception Mosher near Koss street. 

Chapel of Visitation Conv..., Coiner of l^ark and Centre streets. 

Church of the Holy Cross West street, Federal Hill. 

Mount Hope Institution Gibson near Mosher. 

St. Lawrence Fort Road. 

St. ilartin's Corner of Fayette aud Fulton streets. 



104 



V hurdles. 




CHARLES ST. M. L.P. QHURCH 



Methodist Episcopal. 



LigTit Street Corner of Light street and "Wine alley. 

Eutaw Street Eutaw, above Mulberry street. 

Madison Avenue Church.. Cor. of Madison Av. and Townsend st. 
Sprint? Garden Chapel. ..Corner of Eutaw and Henrietta streets. 

Wesley Chapel Corner of Sharp and Barre streets., 

Exeter Street....^ .Exeter, south of Gay street. 

Monument Street Corner of Monument and Stirlino: streets. 

Chew Street Corner of Chew and Bond streets. 

Harford Avenue Harford Avenue and Biddle street. 

Greenmount Avenue Chapel Greenmount Avenue. 

Eastern Avenue Eastern Avenue east of Bond street. 

Broadway Broadway, south of Pratt street. 

Fell's Point Chapel.. ..Corner of Eastern Avenue and Star alley. 

Canton Chapel Canton Avenue extended. 

Caroline Street Caroline south of Baltimore street. 

Lombard Street Chapel Lombard east of Washington street. 

Fayette Street Fayette east of Fremont street. 

Union Square Republican south of Baltimore street. 

Franklin Street Corner of Franklin and Poppleton streets. 

Saratoga Street Saratoga street. 

"William Street Corner of William and Little Church streets. 

"Whatcoat Chapel. ..Fremont street junct. Pennsylvania Avenue. 
Emory Church. .Pennsylvania Avenue, north of Hoffman street. 

High Street Corner of High and Stiles streets. 

Charles Street Corner of Charles and Fayette streets. 

Columbia Street Columbia, east of Fiemont street. 

Poppleton Street Chapel... Poppleton, north of Columbia street. 

Strawbridge Church Coiner of Biddle and Garden streets. 

Fall's Chapel Lanvale Factory. 

JetFerson Street Church. .South-east cor. Jefierson and Boi.d sts. 
Sailors* City Bethel Lee street near Light street wharf. 



Churches. 105 



Causeway Miss. Chapel Eastern Avenue, near Eden street. 

Hanover' Street Chapel Hanover street. 

Eastern German Mission Broadvvav, near Eastern Avenue. 

Western " " ...Cor. Pennsylvania Av. and Mosher st. 

Dallas Street (colored) Dallas, north of Alice Anna street. 

Sharp Street '* ^ Sharp, north of Pratt street. 

John Wesley ** Sharp, near Monfo-omery street. 

Asbury " Corner of East and D<:»uoflas streets. 

Orchard " Orchard, near Ross street. 

Chatsrt'orth (Tnd.).. Corner of Pine and Franklin sts. 

Madison Avenue (Ind.j.. Corner of Madison and Preston streets. 

Methodist Protestant. ' 

Broadway Mission. ..Corner of Broadway and Monument street. 

hexin^rton St Lexinjyton, bet. Republican and Schroeder. 

Went Udffimore Corner of Lombard and Green Streets. 

East Baltimore Corner of Aisquith and Favette streets. 

.South Baltimore Liuht, south of West street. 

Wa^hinofton St. Station. ...Cor. of Washington and Lombard sts. 

St. John's {Independent) Liberty, north of Fayette street. 

Starr Church Poppleton, near Pratt street. 

German Reformed. 

•First {English). Second, west of Gay street. 

Third " Corner of Paca and Saratoga streets. 

Fourth (German) Calvert, near Saratoga street. 

African Methodist Episcopal. 

Bethel .T. Saratoga, west of Gay street. 

Ebenezer Montgoniorv, east of Hanover street. 

Little Bethel Wolfe, south of Pratt street. 

Zion (Independent) Corner of Howard and Montgomery sts. 

Zion Chapel Spring, bet. Jefferson and McElderry streets. 

Baptist. 

First Corner of Sharp and Lombard streets., 

Franklin Square Frankliii Square. 

High Street High, between Fayette and Low streets. 

Lee Street Lee, between Hanover and Sharp streets. 

Second Broadway, near Pratt street. 

Seventh Corner of Saratoga and Paca streets. 

City Mission Chapel Pierce, near Fremont street. 

Colored Lewis, near Orleans street. 

First Colored Thompson, near Forest street. 

Saratoga Street Chapel (colored) Saratoga street. 

Christian or Disciplhs' Church. 

Church Corner of Paca and Lombard streets. 

Meeting House North, near Saratoga street. 



106 Churches. 



Lutheran. 

First {Englxsh) ....'. ...Lexington, west of Park street. 

Second " Lombard, West of Green street. 

Third " Monument, near Aisquith street. 

St. Mark's Eutaw, between Mulberrj and Saratoga streets. 

Lutheran Chapel = ? Canton. 

Trinity (German) Trinity, east of High street. 

St. Paul's " Corner of Holiday and Saratooja streets. 

Biddle Street ( German). ...Biddlo st. north of Pennsylvania Av. 
St. Stephen's " ...Cornet of Hanover and Hamburg sts. 
St. Matthew's *' Central Av., b. Fayette and Baltimore. 
St. Peter's Evan. Luth. Cong Saratoga, near Holiday street. 

Evangelical Association. 
Firsi Evangelical Church.. ..Corner of Green st. and Cider alley. 
Second " *' Corner of McElderry and Short sts. 

Independent Churches. 

Zion (Tnd.) German Church Gay, south of Saratoga street. 

United Evangelical Church Between 234 and 236 Eastern Av. 

Congregationalists Hall, Paca, near Fayette street. 

Seamen's Union Bethel Corner of Alice Anna and Bethel sts. 

Friends. 

Orthodox Corner of Courtland and Saratoga streets. 

Eastern District Corner of Aisquith and Fayette streets. 

Western " Lombard, east of Eutaw street. 

Universalist. 

East Baltimore Baltimore street, near Central Avenue. 

Unitarian. 
First Independent Corner of Franklin and Charles streets. 

SWEDENBORGIAN. 

First New Jerusalem Exeter street. 

Third New Jerusalem Orchard street, near Madison Avenue. 

German New Jerusalem Lombard, near Canal street. 

Jewish Synagogues. 

First Corner of Lloyd and "Watson streets. 

Second .' Eden, north of Lombard street. 

Thii'd High, north of Fayette street. 

Fourth Hanover, between Lombard and Pratt streets. 

Fifth Howard street. 

Sixth Liberty street. 

United Brethren in Christ. 

Otterhein Church (German) Conway, near Sharp street. 

Otterbein Chapel (English). ...Cor. of Scott and St. Peter's sts. 



Cemeteries. 107 



CEMETEKIES. 



"Mourn not the dead— shed not a tear 

Above the moss-stained sculptured stone, 
But weep for those whose living woes 
Still yield the bitter, rending groan. 

Grieve not to see the eyelids close 

In rest that has not fevered start; 
Wish not to break the deep repose 

That curtains round the pulseless heart. 

But Jceep thy pity for the eyes 

T hat pray for night, yet fear to sleep, 

Lest wilder, sadder visions rise 

Than those o'er which they waking weep. 

Mourn not the dead, — 'tis they alone 

Who are the peaceful and the free; 
The purest olive branch is known 

To twine about the cypress tree. 

Crime, pride and passion, hold no more 

The willing or the struggling slave; 
The throbbing pangs of love are o'er 

And hatred dwells not in the grave. 

The world may pour its venomed blame 
And fiercely spurn the shroud-wrapped bierj 

Some few may call upon the name, 
And si^h to meet a dull, cold ear. 

But vain the scorn that would offend, 

In vain the lips that would beguile; 
The coldest foe, the warmest friend. 

Are mocked by death's unchanging smile. 

The only signal that can tell 

Of peace and freedom won by all, 
Is echoed by the tolling bell, 

And traced upon the sable pall 1" 

Eliza Cook. 



THE custom of burying the dead in public places prevailed 
among the most ancient nations. The Romans had this 
custom iu the earliest times. Afterward, in the flourishing 



108 Cemeteries. 



periods of the republic, they burnt their dead, and only buried 
the ashes collected in urns. The ancient Germans buried their 
dead in the groves conseciated by their priests. With the intro- 
duction of the Christian relij>ion, consecrated places were appro- 
priated for the purpose of general burial, and it was regarded 
as ignominious not to be buried in consecrated earth. The 
deprivation of the rites of buiial was, therefore, a part of the 
punishment of excommunication. The Romans were accus- 
tomed to provide the sepulchres at least with a stone, upon 
which was inscribed the nsime of the deceased, and the wish, 
J^lay he rent in peace (nit illi terra levis — that is, " may the eai th 
rest lightly on him.") The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, 
erected over the graves of men of rank, or persons otherwise 
reniaikhble, monuments or 'temples. After the introduction of 
Christianity, little churches, called chapels, were erected over 
the dead. The early maityrs were buried in caverns, which, 
by degrees, were enlarged to spacious subterianeous vaults. In 
the sequel, others considered themselves happy if their bodies 
were allowed to repose near the ashes of a martyr. The sepul- 
chres of the martyrs were on this account distinguished by a 
white altar over them. It gradually came to be univeisaily 
considered among the Christians a pi ivilege to be buried in the 
neighborhood of a saint. The Emperor eonstantine, who died 
in 337, was the first person that we know of who ordered his 
sepulchre to be erected in a church. The emperors Theodius and 
Justinian, indeed, foi bade the erection of sepulchres in churches, 
but in vain. Leo, the philosopher, again permitted them to 
everybody. It is only ip later times that men have become con- 
vinced how injurious it is to the health of the living to remain 
in the vicinity of the dead; paiticularly if the corpses remain 
standing in simple coffins, and are not placed deep in the earth, 
as is commonly the case in the sepulchral vaults of churches. 
From these, the effluvium of putiefaction escapes easily, and 
diffuses through the air. On the occasion of opening such 
sepulchral vaults, those who stood near them have sometimes 
fallen dead on the spot, and no one could venture into the 
church for a long time after, without exposing himself to dan- 
geious consequences. 

The custom of erecting vaults above ground has of late been 
thoroughly investigated, and in the enlightened judgment of 
those who have given this subject their attention, has been pro- 
nounced deleterious. Hence the growing popularity of what 
are denominated cemeteries The word cen)etery is deiived 
from the Greek Koi/xiTepta^ a burying-place. The community of 
Moravian Brothers give, perhaps, the best example of a ceme- 
tery. They form their burial-places into gardens. In Germany, 
especially in Munich, is this pleasing aspect given to the grave. 
A bed of flowers covers every grave, which is watered by friends 
of the deceased from a fountain dug for the purpose. The most 



Cemeteries. 109 



ancient and interestinof account of a cemetery is that of the 
Egyptians. Around this account cluster some poetical lejrends. 
It was frtbl^d that, on the bank of Lake Acherusia. a tribunal of 
twelve jiulj^t'S vvas established to inquire into the life and charac- 
ter of the deceased No corpse could be carried to the ceme- 
tery across the lake, without this examination. If the deceased 
had dit'd insolvent, his corpse vvas adjudged to his creditors, in 
order that his friends mio;ht redeem it. If his life had been 
wicked, his bodv vvas denied the rio;ht3 of burial, and was thrown 
into a laiire ditch made for the purpose. The Greek Tartarus had 
its orisrin i,i this Ejjyptian fable. A small sum for passage across 
the lake was paid before it could be carried to the cemetery. The 
cemetery was a large plain, surrounded by trees, and intersected 
by canal-*, to which vvas given the name of E/ixout, or E/ifsaeun, 
meaning rest. The Greek (Aharon, the ferry-boat, the passage- 
money, and the Elysian Fields of classic mythology, all origin- 
ated in the Egvptian fable. From their hi:-tory, we learn that 
the Egyptians invested death with none of those horrors which 
have SI) coaipletely masked and travestied its import in succeed- 
ing tiini-s. Instead of being constantly thrust out of sight, as it 
was with the Greek, or made a scare-crow from childhood, as it 
is with the modern, it was presented on every occasion, and the 
skeleton that vvas introduced at the feasts of the Egyptians, was 
garlanded with the flowers which they so sedulously cultivated. 

Even now, Egypt, that land of wonders, is peculiarly dig- 
tinguishi.'d for its stupendous monuments, and the soil around 
the site of its {rreat cities is almost literally sown with the care- 
fully-preserved remains of millicms of bodies. Petra, the Edom 
of proph"cy, whose existence was unknown for a thousand 
years, presented, when discovert-d. on every side, tombs and 
mausoleums of surpassing spli-ndor. It vvhs evidently the 
Necropolis of a nation, pjtruria, which flourished before Romu- 
lus was born, has recently become an object of enlightened 
curiosity, on account of its sepulchral vases and monuments. 

" To adorn the grave with flowers and shrubs," sa3S Wash- 
ington Irving, in his iSketch-liook. "is a beautiful and simple- 
hearted custom." "We adorn," says he, *' their graves with 
flowers and redolent plants — ^just emblems of the life of man, 
which has been compared in Holy iScripture to those fading 
beauties whose roots, being buried in dishonor, rise again in 
glorv." The Greeks and Romans scattered flowers "not only 
on the funeral pile and tomb, but also over the body and bier 
of the di'parted. The rose, the first in beauty, was especially 
emploved by the Romans." The amaranth, the emblem of im- 
mortality, was held peculiarly sacred to funeral rites among 
the Greeks. From Philostratus we learn that the ThessaHans 
crowned the tomb of Achilles with roses. The white pothos, 
the parsley, and the myrtle were in like manner employed. 
The urn of Philopoemen was covered with garlands. The graye 
of Sophocles was decorated with roses and ivy. 
10 



'^110 Cemeteries. 



" Wind, gentle evergreen, to form a shade 
Around the tomb where Sophocles is laid; 
Sweet ivy, wind thy boughs and intertwine 
With blushing roses and tlie clustering vine; 
Thus wfll thy lasting leaves, with beauty hung, 
Prove grateful emblems of the lays he sung." 

' Of Anacreon, too, it was said : 

" This tomb be thine, Anacreon, all around 
Let. ivy wreathe, let flowerets deck the ground." 

Virgil strews over the corpse of Pallas the leaves of tha 
. arbutus and other funeral evergreens. In keeping with these 
allusions, are the references of the poets generally. 

GREENAIOUNT CEMETERY. 

Greenmount was the name given to the country seat of Robert 
Oliver on the northern limits of the city. During bis life he 
spared no expense in adorning it, and left it at his death a most 
lovely spot. In 1838, it was purchased from his heirs by an 
association of gentlemen, for the purposes of a Cemetery. The 
enterprise was carried on with great energy, and the new ceme- 
tery dedicated July 13, 1839. Revs. Drs. William E. Wyatt 
and J. G. Hamner performed the religious services ; J. H. B. 
Latrobe, Esq., and Hon. John P. Kennedy participating with 
addresses, &c. The first interment at Greenmount occurred 
December 27, 1839, that of an infant. The grounds are now 
covered with monumental tombs and other adornments of 
respect and affection for the dead. This Cemetery, as well as 
the others we mention, is conducted with great attention to its 
requirements and care to preserve it from desecration. Many 
distinguished persons are buried within its walls. Around 
Major Ringgold's grave is a railing composed of Mexican gun- 
barrels. Ttie Mausoleum is of the Egyptian order, sufficiently 
large to contain eighty bodies; it cost $3,400. The chapel is a 
Gothic structure of brown stone, with stained windows, and 
cost $30,000. The stone wall cost §37,000, and the gateway 
$10,500. The Cemetery is bounded by the York Road, Hoff- 
man and Ensor streets. Strangers from abroad can obtain 
■admittance generally, through the week, on application at the 
office. No. 1 Courtland street, or at the gate of the Cemetery. 
The general rule is not to admit any person (especially on Sun- 
day) unless in company with a lot holder or one of his family, 
with a ticket. Here are seen hundreds of the most costly and 
beautifully sculptured monuments reared by affection, and some- 
times ostentation, to the memory of departed relatives. Inter- 
spersed are plainer tombs and smaller head-stones, forming a 
variety very instructive to those who meditate in grave-yarda 
on the uncertainty of time. However unequal in life, and how- 
ever particularly distinctions may be attempted in decorating 



Cemeicries. ^ HI 



tombs, the truth is palpable to all that Death makes no distinc- 
tion. The rich and poor alike rot in the orave— from dust both 
came and to dust both must return. There are many exquisite 
designs embleniiitic of Faith, Hope, Resurrection, Innocence, 
&c., and manv eloquent elegiac stanzas carved appropriately on 
the white pillars that succeed each other in such prolusion. Of 
course there are also some productive of smiles rather thaii 
tears, which injudicious mourners have ordered to be sculptured, 
and willing masons have perpetuated. We have room but to 
mention two or three. Upon one elaborate stime everything 
is sensible and decorous except the la^t line, which records that 
the deceased woman, who was a pious Christian, had 

*' gone to Iter god." 

Upon another, which an aged and much respected citizen had 
erected -f?? a /i 7/ years hofore hi-i death, his own full name was 
inserted, leaving a place blank for the date of his death, adding 
the verse — 

What need the pen rehearse 

A life v^ell s}>eni f 
A mau'fi good deeds 
Are his best monument. 

When he died, the blank was filled, without any demur as to 
the sentiment, we are glad to believe. 

Upon another stone occur the following verses, doubtless 
original : 

TO THE MEMO RY OF OUR DEAR LITTLE FO UNDLING. 



It was upon the second month 

Of eifjhteen hundred and fifty-three^ 

This dearest little stranger 
Was left alone with me. 

We were all fitting happjf, 

By thf cheerftd fire bright, 
When all at once the door hell rang, 

At eight o'clock at night. 

We took him in and clothed him inell 
And icatched him day and night, 

Until onr blessed, Lord thought fit 
To take him from our sight. 

By his little, tender age, anxiety, and care 

And finding him vpon a step. 
Made him to us so dear. 



112 Ceniaferien. 



lie grew to hh mtmt heanti/ul, 

lint he ivnx nuly (jtvn 
A.H a fair bud to torth, 

But to bloom in heaven, 

BALTIMOllE CEMETERY. 

This commndinus Cemetery was commenced about If^SO, and 
compiises 100 acres overlookinjj the citv. It has iinprnved 
rapidly. Some handsome tombs are to be seen. It is .^ifuated 
at the terminus of the Gay stieet lino of cars, on the north- 
eastern end of the city limits. Office 6 South street. 

LOU I) OX PARK CEMETERY 

Comprises about 100 acres of {rround, very romantic, located 
3 miles on the EMicott's Mills Pass' nsrer Railway. Office 56 
West Fayette street. The location of these frroiinds is very 
picturesque; from several points the City and Kay can be over- 
looked in the distance. Amongr the tombs are two life-size 
figures of the Saviour and Gabriel, and two rmbossed and 
fio:ured urns, executed in the finest marble, by W. 11. Rhine- 
hart, a young sculptor from this city, studying in Ital}'. 

MOUNT OLIVET CEMETERY, 

Located on the Frederick Road, 2 miles west of the city. OflSce 
12 Light street. 

WESTERN CEMETERY, 

Situated about \}4 miles from the city on the Ellicott's Mills 
Road. Office 2G6 West Fayette street. 

CATHEDRAL GRAVE-YARD (CATHOLIC; 

Situated north-west from Lafayette Square. It is an old and 
interesting cemetery. 

MOUNT CARMEL CEMETERY. 

Office 187 South Broadway. 

LAUREL CEMETERY. 
OflBce 18 Courtland street. 



Humane Institutions. 113 



HUMANE INSTITUTIONS. 



"See! tender PtVy comes — at her con'rol 
Props the big tear and melts the stubborn soul. 
Hence rose yon ]>ile, wlu-re sickness fin(fs relief, 
AV'hi re lenient care ulliiys the weight ot grief; 
Yon spacious roof, where hushed in calm repose, 
The drooping widow half forgets her woes; 
Yon calm retreat, where screened from every ill 
"J'he li Ipless orplian's throbbing heart lies Siill, • 
Anil finds delighted in the peaceful dome 
A better parent and a happier home." 

Eiiglish Poet, 



THE OLD ALMSHOUSE 

WAS erected in 1816, and is located west of the city on the 
Franklin Road. During; 1865, the last year which it was 
fully occupied by the paupers of the city, it contained nearly 
800 inmates. The foih)\vini^ is from the overseei-'s report: 

"The nuii.ber of peisons admitted into the Almshouse durin«f 
the year was 1,615, and 57 were born within its precincts; 1,063 
were discharged, 174 died. 11 were bound out, 296 eloped, and 
739 remain. Of the total inmates, did were natives and 693 
foreiofuers. Amonj; the natives, exclusive of the 57 born in the 
institution, .382 were from Baltimore city; from Baltimore 
county 68, Eastern Shore 111, Western Shore 86, NevvHamp- 
shire 5, New Yoik 26, Louisiana 6, Floiida 1, Pennsylvania 49,. 
Alabama 2, Vermont 2, North Caiolina 11, Ohio 4, Delaware 8,. 
Massachusetts 6, Connecticut 5, South Carolina 7, New Jersey 
5, Distiictof Columbia 10, Kentuck}' 3, Alichifjan 3, Alississippii 
2, Virginia 96, unknown 24. The inmates of foreign nativity, 
were from Germany 292, Ireland 327, Eng:land 30, Scotland 11,. 
France 7. Italy 3, Canada 13, Denmai k 1, Porto Rico 2, Swedem 
2, Poland 2, Newfoundland 1, Nova Scotia 1. Of the adult in- 
mates, 676 were of intemperate habits, and 773 temperate.. 
Twentv-two were children of intemperate parents, and 30 of 
temperate. Of the number occupying: the institution at timesi 
thiough the year, the whites were 2,676 men, 3,177 women, andl 
1,571 children; of colored people there were 585 men, 897~ 
women and 339 children. One hundred and eleven whites were? 
vajjrants, and 11 blacks; 64 of this class were n-itives, and 67.' 
foreigners. The ages of all ranged as follows: Under I year^, 
84; from 1 to 5 years, 29; from 5 to 10 years, 22; from 'lO to» 
15 yiars, 35 ; from 15 to 20 yeais, 192 ; from 20 to 30 years, 411,j; 
from 30 lo 40 years, 292 j from 40 to 50 years, 212 j from 50 i&> 
10* 



114 Humane Institutionit. 



60 years, 189 ; from 60 to 70 years, 102 ; from 70 to 80 years, 
52; from 80 to 90 years, 13; and from 90 to 100 years, 3. 
Durinof the year no case of contagious disease has appeared in 
the institution. The overseer expended $97 in the transporta- 
tion of 43 paupers to the places tney belonjy ; 12 sent to VVash- 
ington, 7 to Harrisburg, 9 to Philadelphia, 1 to Richmond, and 
the balance to different counties of Maryland. T he value of the 
work done by inmates during the year was $14,824 36. The 
revenue from the farm was $9,808 37. The gross cost for main- 
taining the Almshouse for ihe year ending December 31, 1865, 
including expenses for food, clothing, medicines, etc., was 
$49,638 34." 
In 1866, the paupers were removed to the new almshouse. 

BAY VIEW ASYLUM. 

The Bay View Asylum, a new institution for the paupers of 
the city, is the tirst piominent object that strikes the eye of the 
traveler as he approaches the city on the Philadelphia Railroad. 
The building is exceedingly imposing in appearance, and situ- 
ated upon a hill high enough to render it consf)icuous for many 
miles. Some $500,000 liave been expended on the premises, and 
every rare and modern appliance afforded to render the Asylum 
and its grounds equal to the best in the world. The wings and 
centre building give an aggregate front of 714 feet, whilst it is 
three stories in height, including the basement. It is built of 
Baltimore brick of excellent quality, and, when coinplet.d, will 
have a massive entrance of granite with a roof and entablature 
supported by four large fluted columns, which will present an 
imposing appearance, and give an air of completeness and solid- 
ity to the whole. One striking feature of the interior is the 
main hail of the principal story, which extends the entire 
length of the structure, is of unusual height, and suppli d with 
tessellated marble flooring. This hall, as well as »ho.se above it, 
communicate by spacious doorways to nearly all the principal 
irooms, and thereby contributes much to the ventilation, a very 
'desirable feature in so large a building. Ample space has been 
i'reserved for the accommodation of the otiicers and others 
•engaged in the house. The centre hall, which crosses the build- 
iing, is well lighted, and contains the stairways which conduct 
^both below and above. To the light of the hall is a spacious 
;apartment in which the Board of Trustees transact their busi- 
iiiess, whilst opposite is what is styled the reception parlor, 
: about 50 feet squai-e. 

The principal and most important feature in the building is 
ithe admirable manner in which it is heated and ventilated. 
'There are four horizontal return-flue boileis, each 30 feet long 
• and 4 feet in diameter, set in massive brick work, supported by 
■.iron guilders from the top. Only two boilers are necessarily 
tused at the same time, whilst all are located on the north side 



Humane fnstitutions. 115 



of the centre buildinor, and beyond the laundry and kitchen, all 
of which are separate and distinct from the main buildinfj. 
From the boilers run lar^e main steam pipes, whicli diveijje in 
every direction, and supply the numerous coils placed in the 
halls and rooms. The constiuction of the coils used is dilferent 
from the old style, beinjj vertical, with substantial and handsome 
manifold bases for the bottom and return heads for the top. 
The temperature of every room is easily controlled by the 
engineer. 'J'he condensed steam from each coil is returned to 
the engine for use in the boilers. The ventilation is produced 
by the stack, wliich measures in the clear 13 feet in diameter, 
and is 125 feet high. The ventilating Hues from th^ entire 
building connect with this stack, the air in the same being rari- 
fied by the heat from the boiler stacks. The plumbing has be*^n 
done in the best manner, all the piping being galvanized 
wrought iron, which is proof against gnawing i ats. The laun- 
dry arrangements are of the most perfect character, steam, of 
course, being the great agent used. One twelve-horse power 
engine propels the machinery, and an independent boiler is pro- 
vided for summer use, when the large boilers are not wanting. 

The principal anangement for ventilation is a laige stack 
of brick, the foundation of wliich is on a level with the 
superstructure, wliile the top ascends above the loof, thereby 
passing a continual current of air. The top of the cupola rises 
to the height of 184 ieet, wliilst the base is estimated at loT feet 
above tide-water. From the top a magnificent panora?nic view 
of scenery is presented, including the harbor, bay and liver, the 
fortifications and the entire city. The supeiintending architect 
of the building was John W. Hogg, Ksq. Alore than seven 
millions of brick have been used in the work of erection. 

The grounds consist of fortv-six acres, which were purchased 
of the Canton Company at the rate of S150 per acre, and they 
will be k^ pt in the liighest style of cultivation, the better class 
of inmates doing the work as far as possible. There are now in 
the wards 716, and the general health is reported unusually 
good. 

The principal management of fitting it up for occupation, was 
perforn)ed by W. VV. Maughlin, James McDougal, William 
Callow. A. VV. Poulson and James F. Ross, E.-^qs.. trustees ap- 
pointed by the Mayor, whose labors, though gratuitous, were 
of the utmost advantage to the city in point ofc economy and 
completeness. Water is conveyed from Mount Royal Reservoir, 
a distance of five and a half miles, at an expense for pipes, &c., 
of over 165, UOO. Permits lor visitors must be obtained from the 
Trustees. 

HOUSE OF REFUGE. 

The House of Refuge for vagrant and vicious children of both 
sexes, was chartered in 1^39, and finally opened in 1855. and has 
been highly successful in reforming those who might otherwise 



116 



Humane Jnntitutions. 




have becomti entirely lost to society and virtue. There have 
been 1,245 boys and 225 frills received since its commencement, 
of which number about 400 remained January 1, 1R66. Trades 
are taug-ht and schoolino' }2:iven under excellent teachers. The 
buildinjj; is extensive and i'urnished in every respect with a pro- 
per care for the wants of so comprehensive an institution. 
Visitors will be well repaid who examine the premises. Per- 
rnis.*ion can be obtained at stated times from any of the Com- 
missioners. The House and grounds are located to the right of 
the Ellicott.'s -Mills Railway, a short distance beyond the western 
limits of the city. 

MOUNT HOPE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 

Mount Hope Hospital is a large edifice, formerly known as 
IMoinit Hope College, on North Avenue, at a point inteisected by 
IJolton street. It was purchased for the Sisters of Charity ia 
1844, and fuilv adapted to the purposes of an Asylum for the 
Insane. Its total front is 182 feet and 40 to 60 feet deep. It is 
four stories high and is surrounded bv spacious grounds, now 
somewhat resti-icted by the cutting through of stret-ts. The 
grounds iormerly extended aci oss and beyond North Avenue. 
In 1*^58, it was determined to erect a larger edifice to accommo- 
date the increased necessities of the institution, which is de- 
scribed in tlie following paragraph : 



THE NEW MOUNT HOPE ASYLUM. 

The New Mount Hope Asylum, located on the Reisterstown 
Road, four miles from the city, is of mammoth proportions. It 
has a front of 76 feet and "depth of 160 feet, and will be six 
stories high. In this building, on the first floor is the kitchen, 
fitted up with a cooking range with capacity to cook tor five 
hundred people. In tlin front is a large hall from which ascends 
a double stni; ease to the upper floors, the reception rooms and 
ofiices of the institution. The second floor contains several par- 
lors, and above the sleeping rooms for the Sistei'S, and dormi- 
tories for initi.'nts. Hiid the chapel. There are two wings on 
each side, arianged in dormitoriis for patients. On each floor 
there are eleven rooms, besides au associate dormitory and mess 



Humane Inxtitutions. 117 



room. The fond is carried to each floor by a dumb waiter, and 
each floor is distinct to itself. The buildin<j is of brick made on 
the p;rounds, with granite base, and the corner cornices orna- 
mented with heavy iion Corinthian caps. The wincrs are five 
stories hijrh, and on each a cupola, from which there is a fine 
view of the surroundinjj couutry for several miles. In each 
win<f there is an iron staircase to the upper stories, so that in 
the event of fire there will always be a means of escape. The 
building is heated by steam, the boiler for oreneiatino: which is 
placed a considerable distance fiom the buildinfj, and also works 
to Wcrht the whole structure with p:as. In each of the wino;s is a 
larjre water tank of several thousand prallnns capacitv, from 
which the building is supplied. On each floor are bath-rooms 
and water-closets, and every convenience for the comfort of 
patients. The grounds about the building are beautifully 
located. 

MARYLAND HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 

On Monument street, east of Broadway. In 1797. the year of 
the incorporation of Baltimore as a city, some of its influential 
rcen desired to found a hospital for the relief of indiirent sick 
persons and for the reception and care of the ini^aiie. Subscrip- 
tions were obtained from the citizens, and application being 
made to the General Assembly of iMaryland for assistance, that 
body promptly appropriated, on the 20th January, 1798, $8,000 
for the puipose, to be paid to the Mayor of Baltimore. In the 
next month, ground was purchased, the building commenced, 
and the Legislature, in November of the same year, appropri- 
ated $3,000 more for its completion, and the hospital went into 
operation under the name of The Public Hospital. In March, 
1828, an act was passed incorporating it as " The Maryland 
Hospital," under which the hospital is conducted by the Presi- 
dent and Visitors. The Legislature having authorized the Pre- 
sident and Visitors to exclude contagious diseases, they con- 
cluded to recommend a discontinuance of its use for all ordinary 
diseases, and the Hospital then became entirely restricted to the 
service of the insane. For this reason, also, the words "for the 
Insane " were added to the original name. 

All classes of the insane, except idiots, without regard to the 
dui-ation of their insanity, or of its curability, are admitted into 
this institution. For the epileptic a special agreement should 
be made. Cases of mania-a-potu are received, on certain con- 
ditions, which will be made known on application to the Medical 
Superintendent. Before a paying patient is reeeive'd. it is neces- 
sary to arrange the terms of board, &c., with the Medical Super- 
intendent, and to furnish a certificate of the insanity of the 
patient from a respectable graduate of medicine. For the pay- 
ment of the expen.-es, and for the removal of a patient when dis- 
charged, security is required from a responsible resident of the 



118 Humane Institutiona. 



city of Baltimore. Tlie insane poor sent hither by the 
Courts are admitted immediately when theie are vacancies in 
the Poor Department. The number of patients allotted to this 
department is sixty. No insane person ouofht to be sent to the 
hospital by order of any Court, until it is first ascertained by 
application to the Medical Superintendent that theie is a 
vacancy. (See Resolution of the General Assembly, 1838, No. 
65.) Letters applyinjj for the admission of patients should be 
addressed to " Medical Superintendent, Maryland Hospital for 
the Insane, Baltimore." 

SOCIETY FOR IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF THE 
POOR, 

On Fayette street, between Holliday and Gay streets. This 
association was ovo^anized in 1849 by a number of benevolent 
citizens. Its object and desijyn is to discourage indiscriminate 
almsgiving, street beggin r, pauperism and idleness; and to 
elevate the moral and physical condition of the indigent and, so 
far as compatible with these objects, the relief of their neces- 
sities. 

*' The aim of the Association for Improving the Condition of 
the Poor, is what its name imports, to aid the poor — not to sup- 
port thera. Our agents visit, and see for themselves, the needs 
and condition of applicants for relief, ere they relieve them. 
Those who are found to be really unable to support themselves 
are aided at once with what they most need, either fuel, food, 
clothing or medicine. They do not expend the bounty of the 
charitable upon imposters — but it is their duty — and they do it 
— to see that the money so freely and trustfully given, is worthily 
bestowed and its benefits not lost to the really necessitous by 
being expended upon those wlio are able to live without it. 
And herein lays the great secret of practical philanthropy. 
How many there are in our community who think that they are 
exercising real charity, in giving indisci'iminately to every 
applicant for relief. Did these but pay the same amount into 
our association, they would find that only such as were true and 
proper obj^ects fi»r relief would be benefited, and their money 
prove indeed a Messing, where too often, by injudicious alms- 
giving, it becomes a curse, b\' enabling the unknown beggar to 
brutalize himself with drink, and whilst in this state to abuse 
his wife and children. Who gives to us to be expended by our 
agents, has a moi-al certainty that his alms will fill no drunk- 
ard's mouth with whiskey — but rather a mother's mouth with 
bread. It will warm no inebriate's head with the fevered fires 
of intemperance— but it loill warm the shivering form of girl- 
hood and of womanhood, aye, and too often those of widowhood, 
who have been bereft by war and disease of those who would 
have worked for their support, had they been spared to do so. 
There are hundreds, thousands, of such deserving poor, within 



Humane Institutions. 119 



the limits of our growinof city 1 Poor, shrinking, modest sewing 
women and jyirls, who live on scanty wao^es, just sutficient to 
buy food, but not enoujjh to buy fuel and clothino; — women who 
do not seek you — but who must be sought out either by you or 
your ao^ents, or else suffer hunger, cold, or sickness." — {Annual 
'He-port for 1865.) 

During 1865, nearly $25,000 was distributed in the shape of 
fuel, food and clothing among 3,000 families, consisting: of 11,000 
persons. This sum was raised by voluntary contributions. 
Committees are annually appointed to wait on the citizens at 
their residences to obtain subscriptions. 

MARYLAND INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF 
THE BLIND, 258 Saratoga Steeet. 

"But chief of all. 
0, loss of sight! of this I most comiilain 
Light, the piimo work of God, to me extinct, 
hnA all her various objects of delight 
Annulled, which might in part my triefs have eased 
Inferior to the vilest now become 
Of man or worm. Tlie vilest here excel me, 
They creep, yet see ; I daik io light, exposed 
To daily fiaud, contempt, abuse and wrong; 
Within doors or without, still as a fool, 
The power of others, never in my own, 
Scarce half I seem to live, dead more than half. 
O, dark, dark, dark ! amid the. blaze of noon, 
Irrecoverably dark ! total eclipse ! 
Without all hope of day ! " 

Milton. 

This Institution has about twenty pupils. It has met with 
success since its incorporation in 1853, and will shortly remove 
to a beautiful and extensive building on North Avenue near 
Charles street, erected at a cost of $75,000. The inmates of the 
Blind Asylum at Washington, D. C, will then be transferred to 
this place, along with many valuable books and apparatus to 
facilitate the education of blind persons. There are stated 
hours when visitors are admitted to view the progress made by 
the students. 



THE BALTIMORE ORPHAN ASYLUM. 

This is a large and commodious building on Strieker street, 
near Lexington, in a high and healthy part of the city, atibrding 
accommodation for 100 boys and 200 girls, with a play ground 
attached. It was founded in 1801, for the education and main- 
tenance of poor orphan children under nine years of age. The 
management of this humane work has been carried on princi- 
pally by the efforts of a number of well-known, noble-hearted 



120 Humane lu-^titutions. 



women, aided by donations from the charitable. A contribution 
of $50 will constitute a life member; $10 and $5 will constitute 
grradfS of annual membership. The Institution is open on 
Thursdays and Fridays to visitors. Hours from 2 to 7 P. M. 

CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY, 

72 North Calvert street, near Pleasant. This truly benevolent 
Society has removed to its new "Home," purchased early in 
1864 for the sum of $4,750, of which $3,000 was appropriated by 
the State Lep:islature, $1,000 by the City Council, and $750 by 
private subf^ciiptions. Independent of the many conveniences 
orio^inally attached to the building, such as gas, water, finely 
papered and painted walls, large airy rooms and wide halls, 
much has been added by the indefatigable exertions of the board 
of lady managers in making the children and their attendants 
comfortable in every rtspect. The Society is prepared to 
receive, clothe, feed and protect children, coming from any part 
of the city or State, between the ages of 8 and 15 for boys, and 
8 and 13 years tor girls. No children are refused, if coming 
within the specified age, and they are not only fed, clothed 
and cared for while at the "Home," but are looked alter, 
visited and properly protected after suitable places have been 
found for them in the country. The agent of the Society visits 
the country frequently, taking childi-en, who have arrived at 
the pioper age, to suitable homes which have been found for 
them and wh re they will be trained to useful employments, and 
have the opportunity to become in after life honoiable members 
of the community. Parents and guardians can also, through 
this Society, procure homes in the country for their children, 
to be received as members of the family until of age. Dry goods, 
second-hand clothing, shoes, caps, fuel, flour, meats and gro- 
ceries thankfully received and duly acknowledged in the Annual 
lleport. The attention of the merchants, and business men 
generally, is solicited to the commendable objects and purposes 
of this Society. 

THE HICKS HOSPITAL. 

This immense Hospital was erected just at the closing of the 
war for the better convenience of wounded soldiers, and received 
its name after the late Governor Hicks of Maryland. It is well 
located and completed in all the arrangements of an establish- 
ment of the kind. It comprises several buildings, all of wood. 

THE BALTIMORE MANUAL LABOR SCHOOL. 

The Farm School is located about 7 miles from the city on the 
Washington Turnpike, and includes a farm of 140 acres. It is 
an institution designed for the raising and education of poor 
bjys between 5 and 15 years. They are taught trades and cajed 



Hinnane Inxtitittioua. 121 



for until the aj]je of 21, unless otherwise arransfcd. It was 
organized al'out 1840, and has been of great benctit to the clasa 
for which it is designed. 

TflE UNION ORPHAN ASYLUM, 

Corner of Franklin and Schroder streets. 

SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF INDIGENT SICK. 

Organized about 1825, Several hundred sick poor are annu- 
ally relieved by this Society, which is comprised only of ladies. 

HIBERNIAN SOCIETY. 

Formed in 1810, for the purpose of affording relief to needy 
Irish emigrants. It was incorporated in 1818. The iSociety, 
which consists of 175 ii;embers, meets quarterly on the first 
Monday in March, June, September and December. The 
annual meeting is held on St. Patrick's da^^ — 17rh Ma. ch. 

Under the direction of this Society, is the Oliver Hiberninn 
Free School, founded and endowed by the late Joiin Oliver, who 
was formerly the Presid -nt of the Society. The School, which 
has accommodations for both sexes, is held in the large building, 
erected for the purpose, in North street. 

ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY. 

Founded in 1806 ; incorporated 1817, for the relief of poor 
Scotchmen, their widows and orphans. Has about a hundred 
members, who pay annual contributions. A considerable sum 
is now invested for the objects of the Society. 

AGED WOMEN'S HOME, 

AND 

AGED MEN'S HOME. 

Two separate buildings on the cor- 
ner of Fayette and Calhoun streets, 
Franklin Square. These institutions 
are designed to supply comfortable 

^^^^^ homes to a limited number of aged 

^ Ge^^SNsTo -^ ^ persons at a moderate cost. 

UNION PROTESTANT INFIRMARY, 

Corner of Mosher and Division streets. This extensive and 
commodious Hospital, (under the management of an association 
of ladies.) is open for the reception uf medical and surgical 




122 



Unviane Ititstitiition>y 



cases. The edifice was designed expressly for the use to which 
it is applied ; and being located upon a very elevated site, 
secures the healthful influence of a pure air, and commands a 
noble view of the entire city and environs. The Infirmary is 
provided with experienced nurses; and hot and cold water 
baths, &c., for the use of patients, are furnished on each floor 
of the building. In the Wards the charges vary according to 
the means of the patients. Persons desiiing or needing seclu- 
sion, can obtain separate rooms with very superior accommoda- 
tions, at reasonable rate-3. No contagious or infectious diseases 
admitted. The Eutaw street and the Green street branches of 




UNION PROTESTANT INFIRMAEY. 



the City Passenger Railway, pass on either side, at a square's 
distance from the Infirmary. 

The grand "object of this institution is to provide a Christian 
Asylum for the reception of the sick and suffering, where they 
may receive kind nursing and skillful medical treatment, at rea- 
sonable rates, or gratuitnusly, as circumstances may require, 
and may enjoy the privilege of reading the sacred Scriptures, 
and the consolation of Protestant religious instruction." Its 
aflairs are controlled by an energetic board of lady managers, 
representing and chosen from the various religious denomina- 
tions of the city, who unite harmoniously and zealously in 
devoting their tiiue and care in monthly committees to the daily 
superintendence of the household. 



Humane Jnstitutiona. 123 



MALE FREE SCHOOL OF BALTIMORE. 

For over sixty-five years past the Male EVee School of Balti- 
more has existed as one of the public institutions of our citv, 
and has been generously supported, durina: that extended period, 
by our fellow-citizens. This institution has never received any 
pecuniary aid from public funds, either from the city of Balti- 
more or from the State of Maryland. A number of persons, 
who have passed away to the rewards of eternity, bequeathed 
certain sums of money and other property for the permanent 
support of the institution. These lejjjacies have been judiciously 
invested, yielding a certain income to aid in meeting the pecuni- 
ary demands for the annual expenditures of the trustees. The 
munificent legacy of the late Miss Rachel Colvin, and the no less 
productive legacy of the late Miss Elizabeth Buchanan, with 
others of like character, yield a sufficient amount of income to 
sustain the institution at present. It is, however, necessary to 
state that when the times shall be propitious, the trustees will 
be required to erect the '* Colvin Institute for Girls." which will 
exhaust a considerable sum of money from which they are now 
deriving income, and may demand future appeals ibr the sup- 
port of the institution, unless the generous provision of some of 
our fellow-citizens may place it beyond need. 

This institution, for a nuinber of years past, has contained two 
departments, one for males, the other for females, the latter 
being denominated the "Colvin Institute for Girls." At pre- 
sent there are 37 male and 55 female pupils in attendance. 
Location, rear of Calvert street, near Saratoga. 

THE BALTIMORE INFIRMARY 

Is constantly open for the reception and care of the sick. The 
patients are attended by the Faculty of the University, and 
nursed by the Sisters of Charity. An addition has recently 
been erected, containing commodious private apartments sepa- 
rate from the more public portion of the house. Persons from 
a distance requiring surgical treatment, or operations, will find 
the institution admirably adapted to this purpose. Price, $3 to 
$10 per week, according to the accommodations required. 
Applications for admission may be made to the resident physi- 
cian. 

THE MARYLAND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. 

This institution was incorporated by the Legislature in 1866. 
Its object is " the care, reformation and instruction of such girls 
as are not admitted into either the Ht)use of Refuge, the Home 
of the Friendless or ihe Children's Aid Society, but who need 
the care of some reformatoi-y institution." It is managed by 
twenty directors, five of whom are appointed annually by the 



124 Humane Jnstihitions. 



Mayor and City Council, and fifteen chosen by the subscribers 
to its funds. It is proposed to raise by voluntary subscription 
the means to purchase a place in the country, and to erect, not 
a large, prison-like building;, but comparatively small houses, 
where the inmates maybe classified on the " family system," 
which has proved so eminently successful both in Europe and 
this country in reformino: delinquents. Experience h^s proved 
that under kind Christian matrons and teachers, and the re- 
straint and influence of a good home, such as most of these poor 
girls have never enjoyed, many of them may be rescued from 
lives of vice and shame. A benevolent citizen of Baltimore has 
already subscribed five thousand dollars, and a lot of ground 
worth eight thousand dollars, on condition that enough more 
shall be raised to give the institution a fair start. An appeal is 
made to the public for this purpose. Our citizens will probably 
respond to it with their accustomed liberality. They have 
already provided for the poor, the blind, the insane, the orphan 
and the widow, but this class has, if possible, even stronger 
claims. They are not only "perishing, but emphatically dan- 
geroits," and are now very numerous, and increasing with 
frightful rapidity. The other institutions above named will not 
receive girls over tioeJve years of age. The jail would seal their 
ruin forever. A separate institution is an imperative necessity, 
to save them from a fate worse than death, and to deliver the 
communit}- from their poisonous influence. Every parent, every 
teacher, every tax-payer, should encourage an enterprise so 
essential to the moral and physical well-being of our city. Let 
the directors meet with generous hearts and open hands, "as they 
shall solicit contributions for so good an object. 

The present officers are Rev. Franklin VVilson, President; 
Edward Otis Hinkley, Esq., Secretary; Francis A. Crook, 
Treasurer. Directors — J. Harman Brown, Hugh L. Bond, 
"Wiliiam B. Canfield. George W. Corner, John Curlett, Wra. 
M. Ives, Francis T. Kin^, Robert M. Proud, J. Dean Smith, Dr. 
James Carey Thomas, Hiram Woods, Jr. 

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 

Both citizens and strangers are cordially invited to visit the 
new rooms of the Association, No. 160 West Baltimore street 
(Brown's Building,) which are open daily from 9 A. M. until 
10 P. Al. A good work is being done by this society, in pro- 
moting the welfare of young men. by bringing them under 
moral influences, for their own benefit as well as that of others. 

MARYLAND SOLDIER'S HOME FOR DISABLED 
SOLDIERS, 

No. 166 West Lombard street. Founded in 1865 bv the efforts 
of several patiiotic and humane individuals, aided by a grant 



Humane Inntitutious. 125 



of $5,000 from the city and $1,400 from the Union Relief Asso- 
ciation. It is not simply a home for the disabled, but possesses 
all the features of a hospital, where a poor Maryland soldier 
may obtain medical treatment. It is expected that this under- 
taking may result in a State asylum, aided by the liOgislature, 
where a permanent and extensive work of humanity may be 
established. 



BALTIMORE ASSOCIATIOxV FOR THE MORAL AND EDU- 
CATIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. 

This is a society for the objects above stated, orjr.mized in 
1864, and occupying a portion of the African Baptist Chapel 
building, coiner of Calvert and Saratoga streets. There are 
about 400 colored pupils in daily attendance, instructed by 
white teachers, and making reasonable progress toward educa- 
tion. The gentlemen who have charge of this institution are 
among our wealthiest and most humane citizens, long interested 
in the moral and intellectual elevation of the colored race, and 
they design to extend similar advantages all over the State, as 
far as possible. 

DISPENSARIES. 

Baltimore, north-east corner of Liberty and Fayette streets; 
Noiirn Eastern, East Monument street, near Gay; Soutuern, 
No. 48 Conway street ; Eastern, north-east corner of i'entral 
Avenue and East Baltimore street. The man^igei's of these 
institutions are elected annually, on the 22d day of .June. Every 
contributor of $5 entitles the donor to one vote for three physi- 
cians. All male contiibutors must vote in peison but females 
may vote by proxy. The right of voting by proxy is also 
exteuded to male contributors who may be prevented attending 
in person from sickness, public service on the day of election, 
or absence from the city, provided a power be given by the con- 
tributor to the person intending to vote on his behalf This 
institution is open every day, Sunday excepted, from 8 A. M. 
till 1 P. M., and from 3 until sunset, and on Sundays from 8 till 
11 A. M. 



11* 



126 Hijmn to the City. 



HYMN TO THE CITY. 



Not in the solitude 
Alone may man commune with Heaven, or see 

Only in savao^e wood 
And sunny vale, the present Deity; 

Or only hear His voice 
Yv'here the winds whisper or the waves rejoice. 

Even here do I behold 
Thy sti'ps, Almighty! — here, ami'lst the crowd, 

'i hi-oii<ih the tfreat citv rolled 
With evHilastino- murmur deep and loud — 

Chokinji; the ways that wind 
'Mongst the proud piles, the work of human kind. 

Thy o^olden sunshine comes 
From the round heaven, and on their dwellings lies, 

And IJL^hts thi'ir inner homes; 
For them Thou fill'st with air the unbounded skies, 

And frjvest them the stores 
Of ocean, and the harvests of its shores. 

Thy Spirit is around 
Quickeninji^ the i-estless mass that sweeps alonj^; 

And this etei-nnl sound — 
Yoices and footfalls of the numberless thron;^ — 

Like the resounding- sea, 
Or like the rainy tempest, speaks of Thee. 

And when the hours of rest 
Come, like a calm upon the mid-sea brine, 

Hushincj its biihiwy breast — 
The quiet of that moment, too, is Thine; 

It breathes of Him who heept 
The vaat and heJplesa city i>)hile it sleeps. 

Bkyant. 



JUiscellaveoHn Institutions and Societies. 127 



MISCELLANEOUS INSTITUTIONS AND 
SOCIETIES. 




MARYLAND INSTITUTE FUR PROMOTING MECHANIC 
ARTS. 

THE "Mechanics' Institute," over the Centre Market, is an 
extensive structure. It was erected by the members of the 
"Marvhind Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts." 
The building is 3r>5 feet lonfj by GO wide. The three-story edifice 
fronting on Baltimore street,' contains the library, committee 
rooms, offices. &c. The main hall, which is devoted to exhibi- 
tions of American industry, is 260 feet long. The iMarket occu- 
pies the ground floor, and is the handsomest in the city. About 
l,750,000'"bricks were used in building. The Annual Mechanics' 
Fair attracts thousands of visitors daring October of each 3 ear. 
The main hall is one of the largest in the country, and has held 
as high as 6,000 persons to hear speeches from Kossuth, A. H. 
Stephens, Everett, Gough, Beecher, and scores of other popular 



128 



Miacellaneoua Inatit ittions and Societiei. 



speakers. It was in this hall that the Southern politicians met 
and nominated Breckinridfje in 1860, after leavino^ the Doup^las 
delecrations in the Front Street Theatre. Here also were held 
the Great Union Sanitary Fa'r for the relief of the soldiers in 
the field,, in 1863, and the" Southern Relief Fair, to afford aid for 
the sutteiinof people of the South, in 1866. both of which sur- 
pa'ssed anything of the kind ever attempted in this part of the 
country. On such occasions, many thousands of people from 
abroad flock to the city and render the principal thoroughfares 
almost impassable. Baltimore street is then especially gay with 
youth and beauty, and the dry goods stores reap a harvest. 

The central position of this building will long keep it as a 
favorite place for assemblies. The various branches of the edu- 
cational system of the Institute are carried on in diflerent parts 
of the building under able officers and teachers. The entire 
hall cost about $100,000, and was erected in 1854, 

The objects sought to be accomplished by the establishment 
of the Institute have not been lost sight of, but a continual 
advancement has been made, so that it is to be ranked with the 
most prosperous of its character in the country. Now that 
peace has been secured to the nation, a still greater progress 
is anticipated in the future by the Board, the members of which 
have been most earnest in their efforts to render the Institute a 
valued adjunct to the mechanical interests of Baltimore. The 
Schools of Design are in a flattering condition in point of num- 
beis and excellence. The number of volumes in library is about 
14.000. accessible to all members of the Institute, comprising 
principally the working classes. Lectures on general and scien- 
tific subjects are delivered every winter. 'fhe membership 
averages about 2,800, as follows : Senior members, 628 ; junior 
do., 1,601 ; lady do., 236; male life do., 247; female life do., 83; 
honorary do., 37; making a total of 2,832, 

The Institute meets on the 2d Wedn' sday of each month. 
Libiary open daily from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Active members 
$5 for admission and $3 annual dues. Junior members $2.50 
foi- admission and $1.50 annual dues. Lady members $2.50 for 
admission and $1.50 annual dues. 



PEABODY INSTITUTE. 




The name of George Pea- 
body has become familiar 
throughout the world as 
that of a prince-like mer- 
chant and benefactor of his 
race. He \Yas boin in Mas- 
sachusetts, but re.«ided for 
many years in Baltimore, 



where he rose to fortune in a mercantile business, and afterwards 



Miacellaveous Lihtitutiona and Societies. 129 



removed to England, where his reputafion as a first-class London 
banker became wide spread. Usinor his wealth during his life- 
time in preference to leaving it to the unceitainties of a last will 
and testament, he has devoted many thousands of dollars to chari- 
table and usseful purposes. His native place has reaped largely 
from his kindness, and the London poor have cause to remember 
him with gratitude for a magnificent movement toward the 
amelioration of their condition. In 1865, he completed several 
blocks of houses, well ventilated and supplied with advantages 
unknown to the poorest classes, at a cost of over a million of 
dollais; which buildings he designed especially for the occupa- 
tion of the honest poor, at rates within reach of the humblest, 
affording them a comfortable shelter and wholesome convenien- 
ces at less cost to them than their former dens of filth and 




GEORGE PEABODY. 

disease. The movement was of such importance as to call forth 
praise from all England. Queen Victoria would have conferred 
honors and rank upon him, if he had been willing to accept 
them ; and his example may lead others to mitigate in Ihia 
rational manner the distresses and discomfoits of the large and 
unavoidable poorer class of people in great cities. But what 
brings Mr. Peabody into more fMiniliar mention in our city, is 
the fact that about the year 1857 he devoted several hundred 
thousand dollars to the founding of a popular Institute in our 
midst for the encouragement of Art, Science and General Know- 
ledge. The design comprises a Free Library of fiist class books 
from all parts of the woild, more extensive than any library 
south of New York; Lectures, Concerts, and a School of 
Design, at the lowest cost of production; a Gallery of Paint- 
ings, and other features of general utility requisite to comprise 



loO jiJivceUaneouH In>,titutio»8 and Societies. 



a complete institution of the kind. The main buildinp^ for these 
purposes is now erected opposite the Washinp-ton Monument, 
It is built of maible and brick; length 145 feet, breadth 71 feet; 
and contains the handsomest and most convenient hall for lec- 
tures in the city, furnished with walnut seats and holding 
1,400 persons. The seats of the auditorium are ranged upon a 
gradual ascent from the proscenium, and a gallery is in the 
rear. The stairways, floors. &c., are all of the most durable 
material. The library, in the upper story, is 100 feet long and 
30 feet wide. The building cost $132,000 independent of ground. 
The design contemplates an additional building of equal size 
adjoining on the east side. The whole enterprise is in charge 
of Trustees. Rey. John G. Morris, D. D., Librarian. If this 
institution is carried out in what we belieye to be the spirit of 
its founder, it will be not only an architectural ornament to the 
city, and a place for the idle hours of the wealthy, but it will 
become equally a source of information and enlightenment to the 
humblest student and artizan who may be unable to purchase 
elsewhere the luxuries of knowledfje and art here displayed as 
free to all. That it may become a genuine means of popular 
impi-ovement and cultivation is the hope of thousands in whose 
families the name of Peabody is already a household word. 



MASONS. 

Masonic Hall, corner of St. Paul street and Court House lane. 
The Grand Lodge of Maryland Avas formed by a deputation from 
the several Lodges of Ancient York Masojis, in Maryland, which 
assembled at 'lalbot Court House, 17th April, 1787. Meets in 
the Masonic Hall, in St. Paul street, annually, on the third Mon- 
day in May; semi-annually, on the second Monday in Novem- 
ber. The Hall was dedicated November 29, 1822. 

The Masons are abf)ut erecting a new Temple on Charles 
street, next to St. Paul's Church, which will be magnificent in 
extent and style. It will cost probably three or four hundred 
thousand dollars, and excel any edifice of the kind in the coun- 
try in completeness for its purposes and the beauty of its 
decorations. 

Meeting of Lodges and Chapters at the Old Hall. 

Cassia Lodge, No. 45 1st and 3d Monday. 

Mystic Circle, " 109 1st and 3d Monday. 

A(lherence, " 88 2d and 4th Monday. 

Lafayette, " 111 2d and 4th Monday. 

King David's, " 68 1st and 3d Tuesday. 

Warren, " 51 2d and 4th Tuesday. 

Monumental, " 96 2d and 4th Tuesday. 

Saint John's, " 34 1st and 3d Wednesday. 



JiJificellaneous Institutions and Societies. 



131 



Amicable. No. 25 2d and 4th Wednesday. 

Washington, *' 3 1st and 3d Thursday. 

Hiram, <' 107 1st and 3d Thursday. 

Union, " 60 2d and 4th Thursday. 

Centre, "• 108 1st and 3d Friday. 

Concnidia, " 13 1st and 3(1 Friday. 

Ben Franklin, " 97 Ut and 3d Friday. 

Corinthian, " 93 2d and 4tli Friday. 

Concordia Chap. No. 1 1st and 3d Tuesday. 

Phenix " " 7 2d and 4th Friday. 

Jeiusalem " . *' 9 1st and 3d Monday. 

St. John's " " 19 1st and 3d Wednesday. 

^Marylai.d Coinmandery 2d and 4th Friday'. 

Baltimore *' 2d and 4th Thursday. 

Arcana Lodcje, No. 110. No. 3 S. Carey st....lst and 3d Monday. 
Masonic Hall open daily. Hours, 8 to 10 A. M , 2 to 4 F. M. 




INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. 



The Odd Fellows' Hall on Gay street, is visited by thousands 
of strancrcrs who have been initiated into the mysteries. They 
meet a warm welcome. Visitors who are not Odd Fellows may 
obtain admission to the spacious library ball only in company 



132 



Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies. 



with members. The Hall is the chief meetinp^ place of the 
Lndfjes, <fec., and is complete with every convenience. The 
buildinjj at present is very liandsome. An additional tower 
made within a few years, and other improvements, have jrreatly 
added to its beauty. The preceding cut represents the original 
familiar face of the Hall about 1850. The following illustration 
shows its present appearance. 




ODD FELLOWS HALL, AS IMPROVED. 

The Grand Lodge meets here annually on the third Monday 
in April, and "Levees" are occasionally held in the main • 
saloon in which ladies participate, with music, refreshments, ; 
&c. The Library comprises many thousands of volumes, appro- I 
priately ranged under the heads of Fiction, History, Theology, }. 
Travels, &c. ^ ^ 

Meetings of Lodges and Encampments at Odd Fellows' Hall, ; 
North Gay Street. 

Washington, No. 1 every Mondav. 

Frnnklin, " 2 " Thursday. 

Columbia, " 3 " Wednesday. 

William Tell, " 4 " Tuesday. 

Gratitude, " 5 " Monday. 

Harmony, ** 6 " Wednesday. 

Friendship, ** 7 •* Thursday. 

Maiion, " 8 " Tuesday. 

Jefterson, ** 9 ** Thursday. 

Corinthian, " 10 " Tuesday. 

Maryland, " 11 " Monday. 

Monumental, " 14 " Thursday. 

Mechanics', " 15 " Monday. 

Germania, " 47 " Tuesday. 

Iris, " 48 " Wednesday. 

Oriental, " 52 " Tuesday. 

Schiller, " 55 " Friday. 

Baltimore City, " 57 " Wednesday. 

Golden Rule, " 68 " Wednesda/. 



JUiaeella'ieouii Institntiona atid Societies. 133 



Jackson, No. 65 every Monday. 

Wanen. " 71 " FiiJay. 

General Taylor, " 72 " Monday. 

Independence, " 77 " Tuesday. 

Mountain, ♦* 84 *' Thursday. 

Liberty, " 93 " Mondav. 

Madison, " 98 " Wednesday. 

Jerusalem Encarapm't, No. 1 " Friday. 

Salem " " 2 " Wednesday. 

Hebron '' " 3 " Tuesdav. 

Schiller ' « " 12 " Thursday. , 

• 
At Wildet Hall, East Pratt street. 

^homas Wildey Lodge, No. 44 every Wednesday. 

At Pacific Hall, corner of Baltimore and Paca streets. 

Pacific Lodfre, No. 63 every Thursday. 

Mount Ararat Encampment, No. 13 every Tuesday. 

At No. 3 South Carey street. 
Eureka Lodge, No* 101 every Tuesday. 

SONS OF TEMPERANCE. 

The Grand Division of Maryland meets in the city of Balti- 
more on the 3d Thursday in November, in the Temple, North 
Gay street. ^ 

Time and Places of Meeting. 

Baltimore, No. 1 = Monday, at the Temple. 

Maryland, No. 2 Tuesdav. at the Temple. 

Newington, No. 27 at Whatcoat Chapel. 

Marion, No. 19 Thursday, at the Temple. 

Western Star, No. 165 Thursday, cor. of Green and Paca sts. 

Land and Sea, No. 161. ..Thursday, cor. Light and Mofatgomery. 

The Grand Division also meets on the 3d Thursday in May, at 
such place as may be fixed at the annual meeting in October. 



TOTAL ABSTINENCE LEAGUE. 

At a State Temperance Convention held in the Charles Street 
Methodist Church, April, 1866, a new organization was com- 
menced under the above title, of which the following articles 
give the full character and design : 

*' Recognizing intemperance as one of the greatest evils in our 
12 



134 Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies. 



country, and believing that it is the duty of every friend of 
humanity, every religious or moi-al man to join in an effort to 
suppress this great body and soul-de.strojing evil, we therefore 
pledge ourselves to unite our best efforts to bring about a con- 
summation so desirablej and for this end adopt the following 
resolutions : 

1. Jiewlved, That we establish a permanent organization to 
be called the Total Abfitinence League of Maryland and District 
of Columbia, and adopt the following pledge : "I promise that I 
will not use intoxicafhir/ liquors, nor traffic in them, as a beverage; 
that I will not provide them as an article of enferttiinment, or for 
persons in my employment; and that in all suitable loays I will 
discountenance their use throughout the community." 

2. Resolved, As members of this League, we will use all our 
influence to secure a prohibitory law for the suppression of the 
sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and that we recom- 
mend the friends of temperance throughout the State to use 
their influence in the same direction. 

3. Resolved, That the parent society be located in this city, 
and shall meet quarterly, in January, April, July and October, 
and shall be composed of delegates from all auxiliary Leagues 
of the State and District of Columbia. 

4. Resolved further. That the increa.se of intemperance among 
young men does imperatively call upon all who feel an interest 
in rescuing them from the temptations to the sin and degrada- 
tion of drunkenness, to bestir themselves, and unitedly co- 
operate, in any and every efibrt to save them from this terrible 
evil. 

That no man has a right, no matter what be the license from 
the State, to demoralize the community, J?y holding out induce- 
ments and temptations to lead astray and corrupt our youth. 

That we would urgently press upon all teachers, whether in 
public schools, or Sabbath scliools, and all who have in charge 
the education and training of the young, to set before their 
minds the great evils of intemperance, and the importance of 
early forming the habit of abstaining from everything that 
would tend to make them drunkards. 

That eyery community has a right, and the people of it owe 
it as a duty to themselves, their children^ their families, and 
their neighbors, to use such means as they can, and secure the 
authoi'ity of the State to keep from their midst, grog shops, 
and places where drinking is encouraged. 

That the indiscriminate license to sell intoxicating liquors as 
a beverage, without any security for the preservation of good 
order and protection of the young, is as demoralizing as it 
would be to license theft, prostitution and gambling, and calls 
loudly upon citizens to see in the selection of candidates for 
the Legislature, that no man is in nomination who will not use 
his influence in protecting the State from such an uncontrolled 
and unrestrained evil. 



Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies. 135 



That no man should be permkted to sell intoxicatino: liquora 
in any district of any county in the State, or any ward of the 
city, unless he shall have the recommendation of at least twelve 
freeholders within two miles of the place in the county, or 
within two. squares in a city, adjacent to where he designs to 
sell, and that they should certify to his character, that he will 
not make his house a place to corrupt and tempt men to 
drunkenness. 

That the use of intoxicating drinks to influence, corrupt or 
bribe men at elections, to operate on legislators in influencing 
them, and the keeping of what is called an open house to secure 
a vote, to carry or reject a law, is putting the rights of citizens 
and their property to the highest rum, brandy or champagne 
bidder. 

That when public men for their own gratification, or who 
under the mistaken idea that when they wish to honor visitors, 
they are at liberty to use public money to pay for liquors, which 
make them apd their visitors drunk, it is unjust to their constit- 
uents, and an insult to their visitors whom they temot to 
drunkenness, and comes as such under the woe denounced of 
Gfod against him who giveth his neighbor drink. (Hab. ii; 
15.) 

That he who will suffer men to off'er hira liquor when the 
same is known to be for the purpose of buying him over to vote 
for any bill, ought never to be elected, and any man or men 
who will offer liquor for the purpose of influencing legislators, 
should be punished as criminals who are trying to defraud inno- 
cent and unsuspecting citizens, and it is a duty which every 
man in the community owes to himself and society, to see that 
no such man be nominated or elected to office. 

That as organizations are formed for the purpose of effecting 
a repeal of the Sunday Law, and license to sell on that day; 
and as their declarationis but the embodiment among us of those 
infidel principles which led to the abolishing of Christianity, 
and the Sabbath, in the time of the Reign of Terror in France, 
it is the duty of every friend of good order, every moral man, 
and every Chi'istian, "to stand steadfast in resisting it. 

Resolved, That while we recognize the zeal and fidelity with 
which the "Sons of Temperance" and the " Washingtonians" 
have served the temperance cause, we nevertheless desire to 
exercise a more extended influence against the traffic in liquor 
by uniting all the temperance men in the State," 

IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN, G. C. of U. S. 

Hall on Paca street, near Fayette. 

Place and Time of Meeting of Tribes. 

Pocahontas, No. 3 Monday, Red Men's Hall. 

Powhatan, No. 5 Wednesday, cor. of Pratt and Bond streets. 



136 Jfiscellaneoufi Institutioni and Societies. 



Philip, No. 8 Friday, Osceola Wifrwam. 

Osceola, No. 11 Wednesday, Osceola Wiprwaiu. 

Anacostia, No. 12 MondaV, Osceola Wigwam. 

Maneto, No. 14 ." Wednesday, Red Men's Hall. 

Tecumseh, No, 15....Tue6dav, cor of liight and Montoomerv sts. 

Ottawa, No. 16 ' Thursday, Red Men's Hall. 

Montezuma, No. 20 Tuesday, Wildey Hall, E. Pratt street. 

Pawnee, No. 22 Tuesday, Red Men's Hall. 

Susquehanna, No. 27 Friday, Ked Men's Hall. 

Incdlionee, No. 33 Monday, Oscef)la Wifjwam. 

Manhattan, No. 34 Monday, Red Men's Hall. 

Pinola, No. 38 Thursday," Osceola Wigwam. 

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF RED MEN. 

Meet in Metamora Hall, West Lombard street, near Hanover. 
Metamora Tribe, No. 1; Monsbusia Tribe, No. 2; Sagamore 
Tribe, No. 8; Osceola Tribe, No. 11. * 

UNITED ANCIENT ORDER OF DRUIDS. 

The Grand Grove meets on the 3d Friday of May, August, 
November and February, corner of Jialtimore and Gay streets. 

I. 0. UNITED BROTHERS. 

Grand Band meets quarterly at United Brothers' Hall, West 
Baltimore street, corner of Tripolet's alley. 

UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. 

State Council meets on the 3d Tuesday of January, April, 
July and October, at Temperance Temple, Gay street. 

GERMANIA CLUB, 
No. 165 West Lombard street. Incorporated in 1842. 

BALTIMORE GYMNASIUM. 

Carroll Hall. Organized 1858. Chartered 1862. Open every 
day (except Sundays) from 6 A. M. to 10^ P- M. 

CONCORDIA SOCIETY. 
Hall, corner of German and Eutaw streets. 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, 

Corner of Lombard and Green streets. The annual session 
begins early in October, and ends on the first of the ensuing 



Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies. 137 



March. The Faculty comprises the hijjhest in the city. Clini- 
cal instruction is given in Medicine and Surgery at the " Balti- 
more Infirmary, " an institution of more than thirty years 
standing, belonging to the University, situated under the sole 
charge of, and attended by, the Faculty. Its wards constantly 
contain ample material for illustrating the various forms of 
disease, and are open throughout the year to all Matriculates of 
the School without charge. 

THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE AND NEWS ROOMS, 

New Exchange Building, Exchange Place and Second street. 
Papers from all parts of the United States, also from Europe 
and the West Indies. Subscription $15 per annum for indi- 
viduals, and $20 for firms of two or more. 

ATHEN^UM, 

Corner of St. Paul and Saratoga streets, contains the following 
Societies: 

Library Compant of Baltimore, Historical Society of 
Maryland, Mekcantilk Library Association. 

THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY 

Has its rooms entering from the west end of the Athenaeum. It 
contains about 3,000 volumes on the history of States and 
cities, biographies, <tc., including over 300 volumes of news- 
papeis, some (>f the earliest issued in Maryland. There are also 
many hundi-eds of rare histoiical manuscripts, paintings, draw- 
ings, m-ifis, coins, medals, Ac, for exhibition to students and 
othi'rs, under lules. Several volumes and drawings are espe- 
cially interesting to our citizens as comprising descriptions and 
plans of Baltimore in the last century. 

MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 

Entrance at the east end of the Athenaeum. The Library 
contains 20,000 volumes. It was instituted 13th November, 
1830, by the merchants' cleiks of Baitimoi-e. All strangers 
visiting the city ai'e entitled to the t'li^e use of the library for 
one month. All persons, including ladies, are digible to mem- 
bership. There are at present upwards of 1,300 members. The 
oflicers are elected annually by the active members of the Asso- 
ciation. The Library and Reading Rooms are open daily fiom 
10 A. M. until 2 P. M. for the i-eception of ladies exclusively, 
and from 2 till 10 P. M. to the members generally. Subscrip- 
tion $5 per annum. 
12* 



138 JIIiscellatieoHs Institutions and Societies. 



THE MARYLAND CLUB. 

An old established institution, on the corner of Cathedral and 
Franklin streets. 

CORN AND FLOUR EXCHANGE, 
Corner of South and Wood streets. 

BALTIMORE MEDICAL INSTITUTE. 

This institution was established in 1839, under the charge of 
Dr. J. II. VV. Dunbar, an eminent phvs^ician of this city. Since 
that time several hundred students from different States have 
received their education in its halls, many of whom have become 
distinguished in alter life in rejrular practice, as surg^eons in the 
army and navy, and as profess()rs and teachers in colleges. 
Students at this Institute have access to one of the best ana- 
tomical and surgical museums in this country, as well as very 
large HerJiaria collected hy a European ti aveler, and by a dis- 
tinguished Professor in one of our first medical colleges ; also 
to superior plates and illustrations," cheinicnl apparatu,-', and a 
large library of standard authors in the various branches of 
medicine. The advantages will shortly be further increased by 
a depart'nent for diseases of the eve, ear and chest. Location, 
151 Lombard street, 2d door from llanover. 

THE UNION CLUB. 

Organized in 1862. Located in a handsome edifice, erected in 
1850. at a cost of over $100,000, on the corner of Charles and 
Franklin streets. 

THE McDONOGH INSTITUTE. 

The Board of Trustees of the McDonogh Fund, alluded to in 
our account of the McDonogh Statue, contemplate the erec- 
tion of a suitable building to carry out the provisions of the 
bequest. Wlien completed, it will no doubt prove an additional 
attraction and ornament to the city, and a benefit to the class it 
is designed to improve. A future edition of this work will fur- 
nish all the information necessary concerning this, or any other 
institution not yet in operation. 

Bertoes these there are many other benevolent, debating, 
temperance, church and building associations of less general 
importance, which can be readily ascertained upon inquiry. , 



Neiospapers. 



139 



NEWSPAPEKS. 




I'^HERE have been numerous papers and 
majjazines of every sbade and cliaracter 
issued in this citj-, some of which were suc- 
cessful for a time, many unprofitable, and a 
few, by dint of capital, perseverance and 
success in meetino: popular demands, have 
become permanently establi.<hed. There are 
rano^ed on the shelves of the Maryland His- 
torical Society seveial hundred volumes "of 
newspapers, many of which comprise the 
eailit'st etlbrts of our publishers. Among 
thetn are the Maryland Journal and IJ<fttti- 
inore Advertiser, the first one established ; the 
Saturdai/ Post, which reached a respectable 
atre about the end of the last century ; and, 
finally, Niles' Jtegi ter, which was commenced in 1811 and con- 
tinued for about lorty years, the best chronicler of currpnt 
events that had yet appeared. The Baltimore Weekly Magazine 
(1801) and other very tteo/.vly attempts at /tVe^ar^ specialties, 
were born and expired within a year or two after birth, from 
utter want of vitality. It is amusino: to look over the Weekly 
Magazine, as well as the dailies, to observe the entire lack of 
interestin<j reading, as compared with (he redundant intelli- 
gence of the press at this day. The Register was an improve- 
ment on them all; and at a later date, diflferent gentlemen 
developed a higher qualit}' of literar\' publication, among whom 
we might mention, T. S. Ai thur and N. C. Brooks, both of 
whom controlled monthly peiiodicals. The Amerieon Museum 
contained some of the earliest and bvst of Edgar A. Foe's p^o- 
ductinns. In 1827, The Minerva and Emerald and the iSaturday 
Eveni)ig Post — both weekly publications — wei-e established ; 
eubsequ^ntly. The Young Men's Paper, issued under the 
auspices of the Young Men's Society, which was afterwards 
changed to I'he Ath noium, and finally emer<:ed into the Satur- 
day visitor. Among the best remeuibcred of <he weekly liter- 
ary papers, are the Saturday Visiior, edited by Dr. J. E. Snod- 
frass (184.5,) and the Family Journal, by Messrs. Williams and 
lo()i-e, (1^58.) Though not pretending to any "Athenaic" 
eminence, this city Ir-is always abounded with fine writers, who 
have enlbelli^hed the literature issued elsewhere, and acquired 
a national leputatiim ; and the choicest i-eading of the country 
meets with a large sale in our midst. There are about twenty 



140 JIarketa. 



five daily, weekly and monthly publications issued at this time; 
we will name but a few of those which have become most 
permanently established: 

The American, established ISOl, daily and weeldy. 
The Sun, established 1837, daily and 'weekly. 
The Commeucial — formerly Clipper, established 1840, daily 
and iceekly. 

The Gazette, daily. 
EvENiNO Transcript, daily. 
Correspondent, (German,) daily. 
Wecker, (German,) daily. 
Sunday Telegram, tceeJdy. 
Methodist Pkotestant, weekly. 
Lutheran Observer, iveekly. 
Catholic Mirror, weekly. 
American Farmer, monthly, etc. 



M A K K E T S . 

OUR Markets are proverbial for being well stocked with every 
variety of produce, game and garden stuff, from all parts, 
at prices as low as anywhere in the country. Horned cattle, 
sheep, hogs, bacon, poultry and butter come from the West; 
potatoes and butter from the North; milk, butter and farm 
produce from the State; peaches from New Jersey; melons 
and other fruits from the southern part of the State and Vir- 
ginia; and tropical fruits from Havana, &c. The rapid facili- 
ties of transportation afford us produce fiom the South very 
early in the season. Fish is abundant nearly all the year. The 
most common are, herring from the British provinces, North 
Carolina and from Chesapeake Bay ; perch, tiout, taylors, pike, 
mackerel, shad from the Susquehanna, North Carolina and the 
Bay; sturgeon from the Delaware and James rivers ; halibut, 
eels, lobsters, turtle, crabs and oysteis. Of the last four we 
have a superabundance, and export immense quantities to less 
favored parts of the country. Venison is plentiful in season, 
but mostly sold at commission houses. 

It is interesting to visit any of the principal markets on 
"market day." if in the spring, the fish stalls and pavements 
are covered with every variety of tiah ; they come packed in 
barrels and carts, and are spread over the stalls for sale by 
single or in quantity. The early vegetables are piled in profu- 



MarhetH. 141 



eion in front of the country waj:ons and on the outside stalls. 
Crabs and lobsters are a prominent feature in their season. In 
the summer and fall, flowers are brouo;ht in abundance, and 
give the place a decorative air. Fruits of every sort — peaches, 
apple?, pears, water-melons, cantelopes, and many other edibles 
are abundant to excess, and tempt the appetite on every side. 
On Saturday night, especially, is the scene enlivening:, when the 
lono^ arcade-like buildino^s are lit up with p:as, the inside avenue 
lined on both sides by ornamented butcher's stalls, covered with 
beef, pork, veal, mutton, sausaj^es, and other meats, all in the 
most saleable order, fresh, clean and appetizing. 
Our market-houses are located as follows : 



CENTRE MARKET, 

Harrison street, from Baltimore to Pratt, comprising the base- 
ment of th% Maryland Institute Hall, and two long separate 
buildinofs, b^ sides a ''fish market-house" adjoining the Falls. 
This place was formerly called the Mamh Market, from the 
marshy character of the grounds in this portion of the city, and 
was first used as a market in 1783. 

LEXINGTON MARKET. 

Established in 1803, on Lexington street, from Eutaw street 
across Faca and Green to Pearl street; comprising three build- 
ings, over one of which a large hall is contemplated. 

HANOVER MARKET, 

Corner of Hanover and Camden streets, established in 1783 ; one 
square of buildings, with open space in centre. 

"FELL'S POINT" MARKET, 

On Broadway. Three buildings of a square in length, ending 
on Thames street. Established 1783. A handsome hall is built 
over the upper end of this market. 

HOLLINS MARKET, 

On Hollins street, between Oregon and Republican. A large 
hall was also erected over this market in 1865. 



RICHMOND MARKET, 
Corner of Biddle and Howard streets. 



U2 Theatres. 



FEDERAL HILL MARKET, 
Cross street, beginning at Light. Two houses. 

BEL AIR MARKET, 
Forest and Gaj streets. Established 1819. Several buildings. 



THEATKES. 

THESPIS, a native of Greece, is credited with the invention 
of trao:edj, about 535 years before Christ. He went about 
from village to village in a cart, on which a temporary stage 
was erected, where he and his companions played and sang, and 
also drank, for we read that they frequently smeared their faces 
with the lees of wine and indulged in low buffoonery. This was 
during the time of Solon, who was greatly opposed to such 
bacchanal proceedings. After Thespis came jEschylus, Sopho- 
cles and Euripides, who brought dramatic performances to great 
perfection. Stage plays were first introduced into Rome about 
the year 361 before the Christian era; though previous to that 
time th.e games of the circus had become an institution. Satires 
and imperfect comedies were most frequent at first, and not 
until a hundred and fifty years after the palm>' days of the 
Grecian drama, were regularly composed plays introduced to 
the Roman people. 

Roscius, the comedian, alluded to by Cicero, and Plyades and 
Bathyllus, who flourished as pantomimists under Augustus, 
were among the most celebrated actors of Rome. The place 
where representations were held was called theatrum, and was 
generally built without seats. Theatres were frequently con- 
demned and removed on account of immorality or seditious dis- 
plays, still they existed with but little intermission throughout 
the Roman republic and empire. Some of them were magnifi- 
cent. Pliny mentions one that cost an incredible sum, and 
held 80,000 persons. Pompey built one of hewn stone to hold 
40,000. After the decline of histrionic art in Italy, the drama 
was reduced to contempt, and was preserved during the dark 
ages principally in the form of rude "mysteries," mostly reli- 
eious, enacted on stages erected in booths. The name of 
Shakkspkari!) dates the revival of dramatic literature and repre- 
sentation, not only in England but in all nations, and to this 




11 
iiiiiiii'i 'ifiiiii !ii:. 







Theatres. U3 



time, the utmost endeavors of art and literary p;enius have been 
suborned to render the stag^e attractive. That the theatre has 
been misused for the basest purposes, none will deny ; that it 
should be tolerated only to illustrate virtue and foster noble 
principles, many would desire; that its mission is simply to 
amuse and divert, without especial care to inculcate virtue or 
avoid error, seems to be the most f^eneral verdict. At least, the 
theatres of the present ag^e appear to claim no higher purpose 
than this last, and are conducted so as to cater for every taste 
and caprice of the public. Some managers have endeavored to 
elevate the moral character of these places of resort, but with 
indifferent success. It is hoped, however, that while the force 
of a religious public opinion is compelling reform in many other 
institutions, it may succeed also in pui'ging the stage of ita 

f;rosser objections, and render it less harmful to the public at 
arge. As for art and genius, the stage at this day is not lack- 
ing in their highest development. 

THE DRAMA IN" BALTIMORE. 

Baltimore has always patronized the sock and buskin in a 
moderate way. In 1770, performances were given on the corner 
of Baltimore and Frederick streets, in a ware-room, and after- 
wards in wooden theatres on Water and Pratt streets. Many 
years later the old mud theatre flourished in North street in the 
" Meadow." The elder Booth is said to have performed here. 
The building is now used as a carriage-house. 

THE FRONT STREET THEATRE 

Has long been a landmark, and has a history in the memory of 
melo-drama and ciicus frequenters. Seveial important political 
asseinblages have been held in this building. The Democratic 
Convention in 1861, which nominated Douglas, met here; from 
which the Breckinridge faction separated. President Lincoln 
was renominated here in 1864, along with Andrew Johnson as 
Vice-President. Jenny Lind also sung there to the public 
schools. The building is located on Front street, south of Gay, 
immediately on Jones Falls. It is a very large edifice and com- 
mands an extensive view. 

THE HOLIDAY STREET THEATRE 

Claims, however, to be the oldest and one of the best conducted 
theatres in the country, and has long held the first rank among 
our city places of amusement. Some years ago it came under 
the control of John T. Ford, Esq., whose management has 
placed it among the most successful and unobjectionable in the 
country. The building was originally of wood in 1784, but waa 



144 Theatres. 



re-erected of brick in 181 i, since which it has stood unharmed,, 
while every other theatre existin": in the country at that time 
has been removed or destroyed by the accident of tire. It has 
been recently improved, and now presents a handsome appear- 
ance. Since" Holiday street has been widened it can be seen 
from Baltimore street, and adds preatly to the architectural 
view. The new City Hall is to occupythe square of ground 
directly opposite. This Theatre is called the "old Drnry," 
from its asje and associations, in reference to the old Dinry 
Lane Theatre of London. Cooke, Cooper. Booth, Jefferson, 
Wacready, Forrest, Brooke and Vandenhotf have acted on its 
stage, and the best society has always graced its audiences. 

THE CONCORDIA OPERA HOUSE, 

Owned by the Concordia Society (German,) is a new and 
handsome* building on the corner of Eutaw and German streets. 
The interior is finished in the latest style, with every appoint- 
ment of a club, and also contains a gorgeous theatre, with an 
immense stage. It is leased frequently for English concerts and 
operas, but is most generally occupied by the German opera and 
drama. 

THE BALTIMORE MUSEUM AND GALLERY OF FINE 
ARTS, 

On the corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets, was well known 
in years past as a place of curiosities and mclo-dramatic per- 
formances. The "stuffed figgers and wacks worx," as Artemus 
"Ward w^ould say, have long since been removed to the West, 
and the olace is now leased for theatricals only. 

Therk are other places of amusement and instruction always 
open. Lectures, Patioromas, Conceita, Ac, &.C., are ever in 
popular demand. The Maky^and Institute, the Temperancb 
Temple, the New Assembly Rooms, the Monumental Assembly 
Rooms, the Broadway Market Hall, the Hollins Mahkbt 
Hall, are all used for public assemblies; and the Peabout 
Institute is expected to supply annually the choicest lectures 
and concerts to be secured anywhere in this country. 



Hotels. 145 



HOTELS. 

OF the first two houses erected on the site of Baltimore, one 
was for the " Entertainment of Man and Beast." About 
1685. "Mr. John Hurst built a house near Mr. Jones' house, 
which hf; used as an inn." This was probably necessary to sup- 
ply .entertainment and lodging to the increasing travelers be- 
tween Annapolis and Joppa, then the county town, as also 
those who journeyed to Philadi^lphia. We are unable to state 
the exact location of this building, but Mr. Gritfith, in his 
"Annals of Baltimore," located Jones' house, the first one built, 
near the present Gay street bridge, and Hurst's tavern "at or 
near Jones'." In time, other taverns were established in the 
neighborhood, and also on the western side of the Falls. One 
of the best known was Kamineskey's, alluded to on page/^J^. 
As the city increased, the taverns of course increased also, and 
coffee-houses, restaurants, wine and beer saloons, oyster-houses, 
Ac, now abound in profusion, as in every laige city. 

In this list we give only the most prominent of our numerous 
hotels, all of which are conducted with courtesy and propriety. 
Barnum's is a very ornamental building in the heart of business. 
The Eufaw House is an immense structure of brick on the corner 
of Balti!):ore and Eutaw streets, and celebrated as one of the 
best hotels in this country. The "Fountain," "Mansion," 
** Wayne Inn," and others are extensively known, but we have 
no space for further description. 

Barnum's Cltv Hotel Corner of Ca-lvert and Favette streets. 

Black Horse Hotel Ill North High street. 

Brown's Hotel 119 North High street. 

Bull's Head Tavern Front street, near Gay. 

Columbia Hotel Corner of German and Paca streets. 

Eutaw House Corner of Baltimore and Eutaw streets. 

Farmers' Hotel Corner of Hillen and Forrest streets. 

Fountain Hotel 5 Light street. 

Franklin flouse Corner of Franklin and Howard streets. 

General Wayne Inn Corner of Baltimore and Paca streets. 

Gilmor House Monument Square. 

Gilmour's Hotel and Dining Room. ...124 West Baltimore street. 

Howard House 5 North Howard street. 

Maltby House 180, 18i and 184 West Pratt street. 

Mansion House Corner of Fayette and St. Paul streets. 

Monument House. ..North-east corner of Calvert and Fayette sts. 

Sherwood's Hotel Corner of Harrison and Fayette streets. 

Simon's Hotel 28 and 30 West Fayette street. 

13 



U6 Ruilr 



Susquehanna House 125 North Calvert street. 

Three Tuns Hotel. ..South-west corner of Pratt and Paca streets. 

United States Hotel 69 President street, 

Voshell House Holiday street. 

Washington Hotel Corner of Camden and Eutaw streets. 

"Western Hotel 95 North Howard street. 



PENITENTIARY AND JAIL, 

'On. Monument street, near the Falls, are interesting; objectsboth 
to those who may possibly anticipate a residence there, and* to a 
humane community which desires the utmost cleanliness, kind- 
ness and discipline to be proportioned properly in places of the 
kind. The 1^e\Y City Jail is a very ornamental castellated 
structure of granite and marble. The central building is 40i 
feet long. Every part is fire-proof, well ventilated, warmed, 
and lighted with gas. The wings contain 300 cells, 8 by 11 feet. 
The chapel holds 400 persons seated. Dixon, architect; Rey- 
nolds, builder. Visitors may obtain access at certain hours by 
permits from the authorities. 

FORT CARROLL. 

This immense structure, now^ being completed, is located in 
the middle of the Patapsco River, about six miles from its 
mouth and four miles from Fort McHenry, on the locality occu- 
pied by the British fleet in 1814. It is built on piles and rocks 
sunk in the bed of the stream, and is to contain 300 guns. The 
■work in all respects will be one of great strength and defensive 
utility. It can be seen from any eminence in the city. 



KAILROADS. 

FOR ZtoMrs of Dejyarturo and Arrival, consult the daily papers 
or Railroad Guides, as the time tables are frequently 
changed. 

THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. 

Depot on Camden street, between Howard and Eutaw. The 
Camden Station is worthy of notice. It is the general depot 



Railroads. 147 



of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The buildinp: fronts on 
Camden street 308 feet. The central steeple is 185 feet; and the 
entire premises cover a space of 300 by 1.100 feet. 

Two ti-aitis run daily between Baltimore and Wheelinor, 
Parkersburg, Cumberland, and connect with all points for the 
West, South-west and North-west. A special train passes daily 
between Frederick and Baltimore. Three trains a day pass 
jaetween Ellicott's Mills and the city. Seven or more trains 
pass daily between Washin<rton City and Baltimore, two or 
three of them connecting with the Annapolis road. 

KORTHERN CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

Depot. Calvert and Franklin streets. Calvert Station, the 
depot of the Baltimore and Susqui'hanna Railroad, is an impos- 
ino^ edifice. It stands in North Calvert street, and is 315 feet 
lonof, 120 feet wide, and supported by 42 jrranite columns. In 
the rear of this is another immense structure to facilitate the 
frei,2;ht transportation. 

Eight or ten passenger trains pass from Baltimore, daily, to 
York. Harrisburg and all intei-mediate points, connecting with 
the Western Maryland Railroad, and also with Cumberland 
Valley Railroad. JMail, Fast. lane, Pittsburg and Erie Express, 
and Pittsburir and Elmira Express make close connections with 
the Pennsylvania Central Railroad at Harrisburg for FiUsburg, 
Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago,. St. 
Louis, Foi-t Wayne, Louisville, Cairo, and all points in the 
West, North-west and South-west. Mails and Express trains 
connect at Elmira with the New York and Erie Railroad lor all 
points in Northern, Central and Western New York. 

PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE 
RAILROAD. 

Station, President street, near Central Avenue, Eight or ten 
trains leave daily for Philadelphia, New York, and all inter- 
mediate points, connecting with the Delaware Railroad. 

WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD. 

Two trains daily run between Baltimore and Union Bridge, 
the present teriiiinus of the road. Stasre connections daily with 
Manchester and Hampstead at Glen Morris Station, on arrival 
of train from Baltimore; and for Uniontown, Taneytown and 
Emmittsburg, on the arrival of the same train at Linwood 
Station. 



148 Citij Pasiieuger RaUicay. 



CITY PASSENGER RAILWAY. 

Office, north-east corner ofEutavv and Baltimore streets. 

MADISON AVENUE LINE 

Runs from Thames street. East Baltimore, to the c\tv limits. 
Madison Avenue cars run at intervals of 5 minutes in the morn- 
ing: and 4 minutes in the afternoon in winter, and 3 minutes in 
summer. 

FRANKLIN SQUARE LINE 

Runs from west end of Baltimore street to Baltimore Cemetery. 
Cars run at intervals of 5 minutes in the morning and 3 minutes 
in the afternoon. 

PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE LINE 

Runs from city limits on Pennsylvania Avenue to Liirht street 
extended. Cars run at intervals of 10 minutes morning and 
afternoon. 

NORTH BALTIMORE LINE. ' 

Cars run at intervals of 10 minutes from the corner of North 
and Baltimore streets to the end of Charles street at North 
Boundary Avenue. 

CANTON LINE 

Connects with the Madison Avenue line at Thames street, and 
runs to east boundary of the city at Canton. 

Time of starring the cars on all of the lines in Summer, 6 
A. M. ; in Winter, 6^ A, M. Run until midnight. 

YORK ROAD RAILWAY. 

Cars leave City Hall at each hour from 7 A. M. to 6 P. M., 
except 12 n')on. Night car for Tovvsontown at 11 V. M. Leave 
Tovvsontown every hour from 7 A. M. to 7 J'. M., exci'pt 12 
noon. Mail car leaves at 9 A. M. and 5 P. M. on Sundays. 

CATONSVILLE AND ELLICOTT'S MILLS RAILWAY. 

Cars run hourly from 7 to 12 M., and from 2 to 7 P. M.. daily, 
Sundays included. Passengers to and from Ellicott's Mills will 
leave daily, Sundays included, at 8 and 11 A. M., and 2, 4 and 6 
P. M. Oiliee, west end of Baltimore street.- 



Steamers. 149 



STAGES. 

A Stage to Bel-Air leaves Brown's Hotel, 119 North High 
street, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 8 o'clock, 
A. M. 

The Line to Kellvtlle leaves Rising' Sun Hotel, 74 North 
High street, everj' Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 8 
o'clock, A. M., returning next day. 

The Long Green, Harford Road Stage leaves Starr Hotel, 
corner of Front and Low streets, every afternoon at V/^ o'clock. 

The Fkanklintown Stage leaves General Wayne Inn every 
afternoon at 3)^ o'clock in winter, and 4 o'clock in summer. 

A PiKESViLLE Stage leaves Hand Tavern, Paca street, daily, 
at 4 o'clock, P. M., in summer, and 3 P. M., in winter. 

Liberty Road Stages leave Hand Tavern, Paca street, daily, 
at 2 o'clock, P. M. 



STEAMEES. 

(For Excursions see Daily Papers.) 

A GREAT and constantly augmenting importance characterizes. • 
the commercial interests of Baltimore since the extinction of 
the rebellion, evident as well in the successful establishment and. 
progressive relations of the mercantile classes of the city and. , 
State, as in the creation of lines of steamships and steamboats to. I 
connect with all the principal ports of the Atlantic and Gulf 
seaboards of the Union and with the old world. The increase? 
in the number of lines, the enlargement of old established lines,, 
either by the addition of steamers or the formation of new rela-- 
tioiis with other cities, may be regarded as matters of almost", 
niontlily occurrence, and, therefore, the following statement; 
uiay be occasionally varied. We think it l)est, however, to^ 
aliord a glance at the present condition of the steam marine,; 
and if ciiani^es should occur, the stranger can obtain correctiongs 
from the daily advertisements in the newspapers. In the; 
13* 



150 St earner a. 



American of April 14, 1866, a full list and description was given 
of the lines of steamships then existinnj in connection with the 
port of Baltimore. We extract the following : 



THE BALTIMORE AND LIVERPOOL LINE OF STEAM- 
SHIPS. 

First in point of commercial interest and importance, both to 
the State of Maryland and city of Baltimore, is the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad Company's Liverpool Line of Steamships, 
established about the middle of 1865, comprisinor the steamships 
Somerset, Worcester and Carroll, thus enablinoj the company 
to despatch a steamer from this port about once in every three 
weeks. These steamships are all propellers and sister vessels in 
every respect, and have been fitted out in the best manner to 
adapt them to the exigencies of the voyage hence to Liverpool. 
They measure 203 feet in length, 36 feet in breadth of beam, and 
20 feet depth of hold, with a capacity of 1,200 tons. Their 
motive power depends upon two strong and powerful engines. 
They are each provided with ample accommodations for first 
class, second class, and steerage passengers. The office of the 
line is at the Camden Depot in this city. The line has been 
made a United States Mail Line by the Postmaster General. 

The English Line from Baltimore to Liverpool. 

A connection has been lately formed between Norfolk and 
Liverpool by English capitalists by means of the steamship 
Ephesus, a first-class British steamship, having a capacity of 
3,000 tons. This steamer has no fixed periods of sailing, beyond 
the time required for making the voyage, and loading and 
unloading. Agents of the line are also established in Norfolk, 
Richmond and Petersburg. 

'THE BALTIMORE, HAVANA AND NEW ORLEANS LINE 
OF STEAMERS. 

Late in the year 1865, a steamship line was establishea to con- 
naect between Baltimore and Havana. The steamships Cuba 
v<capa,city 1,248 tons) and Liberty (capacity 1.250 tons) with 
: accommodations for 200 passengers, make fortnightly trips to 
.!New Orleans, stopping at Havana. 

IBALTIMORE AND SAVANNAH STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 

The line is at present constituted of the first-class propeller 
.ftteamships North Point and Fannie. The North Point measures 
-U60 feet in length, 27 feet beam, and 17 feet hold, with state- 



Steamers. 151 



iroom accommodations for 50 passenjjers, and is of 452 tons 
burtlien. The Fannie is 160 feet in length, 26 feet beam, and 14 
feet hold, uith a capacity of 500 tons. Her state-iooms will 
accommodate some 40 persons. These steamers make weekly 
trips to Savannah on Thursday, starting from Union Dock, foot 
of Concord street. 

BALTIMORE AND CHARLESTON STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 

The Baltimore and Charleston Steamship Company have 
established a line of steamers between Baltimore and Charles- 
ton, consistinf;: of the Cumberland, Kalorama and General 
Custis, all first-class steamships, and well adapted for the route 
they are now pursuino^. The steamers make weekly trips, start- 
ing from Concord street wharf. 

THE BALTIMORE AND WILMINGTON STEAMSHIP LINE. 

The first-class steamer, Ella Knight, forms a connection be- 
tween Baltimore and Wilmington, North Carolina. The Ella 
Knight is a propeller steamship, measuring 160 feet in length, 
24 feet beam, and 16 feet depth of hold, with a capacity of 650 
tons. The state-rooms accommodate 100 passengeis. She 
departs from Frederick street wharf at intervals of about two 
weeks. 

THE PEOPLE'S INLAND LINE OF SOUTHERN 
STEAMERS. 

The People's Line of Steamers connects with Newbern, Ply- 
mouth, Edenton and Roanoke Island, and other points of the 
j iSouth Atlantic coast, by means of the Chesapeake and Albe- 
marle Canal. The line comprises four first-class side-wheel 
steamers, which depart from Norfolk, but make immediate and 
direct connection with the various lines sailing between Balti- 
more and that port. Office on Spear's wharf. 

THE BALTIMORE AND NEWBERN INLAND LINE. 

The steamer James Guy, sails hence for Newbern, North 
Carolina, departing from Hughes' Quay, Lee and Light streets. 
The steamer has no specified time of sailing. 

BALTIMORE AND BOSTON LINE OF STEAMERS. 

The Baltimore and Boston line of steamships comprises the 
William Kennedy and George Appold. The William Kennedy 
is a propeller st<'amship, measuring 210 feet in length, 25 feet 
beam, 16 feet hold, and is of 974 tons burthen, with state-room 



152 Steamers. 



accommodations for 12 passengers. The George Appold mea- 
sures '230 feet in length, 38 I'eet beam, and 20 feet hold, with a 
capacity of 1,307 tons, and accommodations for 40 passengers. 
TLey are designed to make weekly trips hence to Boston, 
departing fiom Boston wharf, and touching at Norfolk on both 
trips. 

THE COMMERCIAL STEAMBOAT COMPANY. 

The Commercial Steamboat Company's line now consists of 
five propeller steamships, which, with one exception, measure 
each in length about 270 feet, in breadth of beam 35 feet, and 
depth of hold 25 feet, with an average capacity of 700 tons. 
The other is a very large propeller, having a capacitv of about 
1,400 tons. These steamers depait daily for New York from 
Flannigan's wharl', foot of Mill street. 



THE OLD BAY LINE OF STEAMERS. 

The Old Bay Line of Steamers at present consists of two side- 
wheel steamers, with which the trip is made daily from Balti- 
more to Norfolk, departing from Union dock. They connect 
with the James river and the Eastern Virginia steamers. These 
steamers are of the most commodious character and will favor- 
ably compare with an\' side-wheel steamboat in the country 
with respect to every valuable feature of vessels of their class. 
They measure about 270 feet in length, 35 feet beaai, 12 feet 
hold, with a capacity each of about 1,200 tons. 



THE NEW LINE OF STEAMERS. 

The New Line of Steamers comprise two first-class side-wheel 
steamers, plying between Baltimore and Norfolk, departing 
from Spear's wharf, Gay street, daily, and connecting with the 
James river and Eastern Virginia steamers. They measure 
about 250 feet in length, 35 feet beam, and 12 feet bold, with an 
averaae burthen of 1,200 tons. 



THE POWHATAN STEAMBOAT COMPANY. 

The Powhatan Steamboat Company, running between Balti- 
more and Uichinond, comprises three side-wheel steamships, 
about 200 feet long, 36 feet beam and 13 feet of hold, with a 
capacity each of 1,000 tons, and accommodations for 100 passen- 
gers. These steamers start from Li^ht street wharf, near Pratt 
street. 



Steamers. 153 



THE INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE STEAMBOAT COM- 
PANY. 

The Enstern an'd Western Shore Line of the Individual Enter- 
prise Steamboat Company is now composed of two side- wheel 
steameis runninff, the former daily to Annapolis and West 
River, the latter to St. Michael's 'and Miles River Fei-ry on 
Tuesday and Friday of each week, and to the points of the 
Choptank River on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Champion 
measures 175 feet in length, 25 feet beam, and 8}4 ft'et hold. 
The Kent is 170 feet loner, 25 feet beam, and 8 feet hold. The 
company has recently established a line to connect with the 
Eastern Shore of Virginia and the Pocomoke River landings, on 
Tuesdays and Fridays, The steamers of both lines start from 
Light street wharf, foot of Camden street. 

THE POTOMAC TRANSPORTATION LINE. 

The Potomac Transportation Line, sailing hence to Alex- 
andria, Washington and Georgetown, comprises the side-wheel 
steamers Expiess and Diamond State. These steamers measure 
200 feet long, 50 feet beam, and 7 feet hold, and are of about 600 
tons bui then. They sail from pier No. 8, Light street wharf, 
every Tuesday and Friday. 

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE LINE. 

The side-wheel steamer Cambridge starts from pier No. 7, 
Light street wharf, every Tuesday and Saturday, for Oxford, 
Easton Point, Cambridge and other points of the Eastern Shore. 
She is 114 feet long, 24 feet beam, and 9 feet hold. 

THE SASSAFRAS RIVER LINE. 

The side-wheel steamer Trumpeter departs on Tuesdays, 
Thursdays and Saturdays, from Light street wharf, for George- 
town and other points of the Sassafras River. The Trumpeter is 
122 feet long, 22 feet beam, and 6 feet hold. 

THE BALTIMORE AND SUSQUEHANNA STEAM COM- 
PANY. 

The Baltimore and Susquehanna Steam Company run a daily 
line for Port Deposit and Tidewater Canal, starting from the 
foot of West Falls Avenue. Two steamers compose the line. 
The side-wheel steamers Mar}' Washington and Wenonah are 
also connected with this company, and depart Tuesdays and 



15-4 Stem 



Fridays, from South street wharf, for Fredericksburfr and the 
Rappahannock River. They naeasure 200 feet in length, 28 feet 
beam, and dX feet hold, with respective capacity of 700 tons. 

WEEMS' PATUXE^T RIVER LINE. 

The side-wheel steamers Matilda and George Weems compose 
Weea:s' Passenger and Transportation Line, running Wednes- 
days and FiidavjS, for Fairhaven, Plum Point and the Patuxent 
River. They are about 200 feet long, 28 feet beam, and 9 feet 
hold, with an average capacity of 650 tons. 

THE ALEXANDRIA STEAM PACKET LINE. 

The side-vvheel steamers Columbia and Thomas E.. Cahill now 
constitute the Alexandria and Georgetown Steam Packet Line, 
plying between Baltimore and those points on Wednesdays and 
Saturdays. The Columbia is 179 feet long, 30 feet beam, 10 feet 
hold, and is of 740 tons burthen. The Thomas E. Cahill is 
reserved for freight transportation, having a capacity of 200 
tons. They depart from Commerce street wharf. 

THE NEW YORK AND BALTIMORE TRANSPORTATION 
LINE. 

The New York and Baltimore Transportation Line, No. 3 
Light street wharf, forms an inland route, via the Chesapeake 
and Delaware and Delaware and Raritan Canals. It comprises 
nine propellers, having a total capacity of 3,000 tons. 

THE BALTIMORE AND PHILADELPHIA STEAMBOAT 
COMPANY. 

Four propellers, having a total capacity of 1,200 tons, form 
the Baltimoi-e and Philadelphia Steamboat Company, running 
daily between these two ports. 

THE CHESTER RIVER LINE 

Now comprises the side-wheel steamers Arrow and Chester, 
-which run daily from Light street wharf, foot of Conway street. 
They average in length 150 feet, 40 feet beam, and 76 feet hold. 

THE PATUXENT ACCOMMODATION LINE. 

.The side-wheol steamer Philadelphia now constitutes an 
accommodation line lor the Patuxent River and all intermediate 



Steamers. 155 



liindinGrs. She starts from Smith's wharf, but is without peri- 
odical departure;S. 

THE FREDERICKSBURG ACCOMMODATION LINE. 

The Macro;ie SafFell, a side-wheel steamer, foi-ms an accommo- 
dation line for Frodericksburp;, Virfrinia, and the landings on 
the Rappahannock River. She sails from pier No. 7, Light 
street wharf. 

EASTERN AND WESTERN SHORE ACCOMMODATION 
LINE. 

The side-wheel steamer Balloon departs from Light street 
wharf on Sunday and Thursda}- for St. Michael's and Easton, 
and on the remaining days of the week for Annapolis and West 
River. 

THE KENT ISLAND COMPANY. 

The Kent Island, a side-wheel steamer, is now plying as a 
packet between this port and Kent Island and the connecting 
points of the Eastern Shore. 

THE SOUTHERN CHESAPEAKE LINES. 

A number of steamers are now sailing daily from Norfolk, at 
which point they make direct connections with the steamers of 
the Old Bay Line and the New Line for the Eastern Shore of 
Virginia, Matthews county, and Yorktown. From the same 
point depart daily the James River steamers, also connecting 
with the Chesapeake steamers from Baltimore. 

Several small steamers, principally used for the transporta- 
tion of freight, are attached to the port, and form accommoda- 
tion lines with the ports of the South Chesapeake and the coast 
of North Carolina. 

In addition to the steam lines, the harbor presents daily many 
interesting features in the arrival and depaiture of sailing ves- 
sels of every character and capacity, trading to all the principal 
ports of the world. 

A recapitulation of the entire steam tonnage of the port of 
Baltimore shows a total of 121 steam vessels, and an aggregate 
of 417,805 tons. 



15(* Banks. 



k 



VAEIOUS INSTITUTIONS. 



BANKS. 

EULES OBSERVED BT BANKS IN THIS CITY. 

THE Ranks are open every day in the year from 10 A. M. to 3 
P. J\r., except Sundays, Christmas, 22d Februaiy, 4th of 
July and Thanksgivino: Days. The Interest for Discount in the 
Banks in this city is fixed at six per cent, per annum. Three 
days of jrrace are allowed, and the discount taken for the same. 
Every bill or note olfred for discount must be delivered the day 
piecedin<T the day of discount. Bills or notes lodo^ed at the 
Banks for collection, when protested for non-pa^-ment, the per- 
son lodgino^ the same pays the charge of protest. Deposits of 
money or notes for collection must be entered in the dealer's 
book at the time such deposit is made. 

7' he National Bail?-, of BnJdmore, north-east corner of Balti- 
more and bt. Paul streets. Chartered 1795. Capital, SI. 210, 700. 

National Union Bank of Marijland, corner of Chailes and 
Fayette streets. Chartere'd 1805. Capital, $1,258,425. 

Franklin Bank. 15 South street, between Baltimore and 
Second streets. Chartered 1810. Capital, $450,000. 

Marine Bank, north-east corner of Ga}'- and Second streets. 
Chartered 1810. Capital. $405,490. 

Farmerx' and Merchants' National Bank, north-west corner 
of Lombard and South streets. Chartered 1810. Capital, 
$650,000. 

Mi'Tchanta'' National Bank, south-west corner of Gay and 
Second streets Chartered 1834. Capital, $1,500,000. 

National Jfechanici' Bank, corner of Calvert and Fayette 
streets. Chartered 1806. Capital, $600,000. 

Commercial and Farmers' National Bank, corner of Howard 
and German streets. Chartered 1810. Capital, $512,500. 

Western National Bank, Eutaw street, one door north of 
Eutaw House. Chartered 1835. Capital, $600,000. 

Che-iopeake Bank, corner of North and Fayette streets. 
Chartered 18.36. Capital, $364,473. 

National Farmers' and Planters' Bank, South street, between 
Baltimore and Second. Chartered 1836. Capital, $800,000. 

Citizens' National Bank, corner of Hanover and Pratt streets. 
Capital, $500,000. 

Howard Bank, north-west corner of Howard and Faj'ette 
streets. Chartered 1847. Capital, $300,000. 



Teh'jraphs and Expreanes. 157 



Bauh of Cowvierce, 26 South street. Capital, $1,000,000. 
Paid in, ^500,000. 

People >i Bank, corner of Baltimore and Paca streets. 

FifHt National Bank of Baltimore, 8 South street. Capital, 
.$1,100,000. 

iSeroiid National Bank of Baltimore (formerly Fell's Point 
Bank.) U7 Broadway. Capital, $;}50,000. 

Third National Bank of Baltimore, 31 South street. Capital, 
$600.01)0. 

National Exrhanqe Bank, 4 South Sharp street. 

Sarintj^ Bank of Baltimore, noi th-we.>t corner of Gav and 
Seci)nd streets. Chaitered 1818. Open for receivinj]^ and pay- 
infr deposits daily from 10 to 1 o'clock. 

Entaw Sacinrft Bank, south-east corner of Kntaw and Fayette 
streets. Chartered 1846. Open for receiving and pa_) ing 
deposits daily from 9 to 2 o'clock. 

The Central JSavin;/n Bank of Baltimore (formei'ly Dime,) 9 
North Calvert street, opposite Barnum's. Tliis Bank- is open' 
daily for receiving- deposits of any amount over 50 cents, and 
paying money from 10 to 1 o'clock. Married women and minors 
can make deposits in their own name, and the money held sub- 
ject to their exclusive control. 



TELEGRAPHS. 

American Telegraph Company, south-west corner of Baltimore 
and South streets. Branch officios — Eutaw House. Adams* Ex- 
press oitice, Camden Station and President Street Depot. 

People's Telegraph, 23 South street, Barnum's Hotel and 
Harnden Kx))ress. 

United Staten Telegraph Company. 21 South street. 

Bankern' and Brokers^ Telegraph Company, 132 West Balti- 
more street. 

Wet'tern Maryland Telegraph Company, (for points on "Western 
Maryland Bailroad.) 21 South str^^et. 

Insulated Lineji Telegraph, 125 West Baltimore street. 



EXPRESSES. 

Adamii' Express. Company. 164 Baltimore street. 

Harnden Express, Jl^i Baltimore street, corner of Sharp st. 

National Express and Transportation Cornjiuny, 134 West 
Baltimore street. 

IlcClintock's Local Baggage and Package Express, principal 
ofBce, 51 West Fayette street. 

3Ierchant'a Express and Transportation Company, east side of 
Sharp street, 2d door from Baltimore. 
U 



158 Cihj Oovernment, Police, and Fire Alarm Telegraph. 



THE CITY GOVERNMEXT 

Comprises a Major, Secretary to Mayoralty, Register, City Col- 
lector, City Counsellor, City Solicitor, Citv Commissioner. City 
Comptroller; a Tax Department, a Water Department, a Health 
Department, and a City Council composed of one member from 
each ward for the First Bianch, and one member from every two 
wards for the Second Branch. Also a Police Department, under 
a Board of four Commissioners, of which the Mayor is, ex ojicio, 
a member. The police number about 3G0 officers and men, 
increased on special occasion to 50(J or more ; and are equal to 
any similar body in the world, for material, discipline and 
general eilicit-ncy. The Fike Depaiitmrnt comprises a Board 
of Commissioners, Chief Engineer, two Assistants and 110 men, 
paid by the city. In 1858, the old volunteer system was 
abolished, and tlie steam fire engine introduced with complete 
success. The number of steam engines and ladders is as follows: 

Engine Co. No. 1 — House located Paca street, between 
Fayette and Lexinjjton. 

Ejigine Co. No. 2 — House located Barre street, between Sharp 
and Hanover. 

Engine Co. No. 3— House located Ldmbard street, between 
High and Exeter. 

E igine Co. No. 4 — House located North street, between 
Fayette and Lexington. 

Engine Co. No. 5 — House located Ann street, between Pratt 
and Grough. 

Engine Co. No. G— House located corner of Gay and Ensor 
streets. 

Engine Co. No. 7 — Hou^ located Orchard street, near 
Mndison, 

Hook and Ladder No. 1 — House located Harrison street, be- 
tween Fayette and Baltimore. 

Booh and La.dder N'o. 2 — House located Paca street, between 
Fayette and Lexington streets. 



CITY POLICE AXD FIRE ALARM TELEGRAPH, 

Old City Hall, Holiday street, for fire alarm and police pur- 
poses, and for recovery of lost childi'en. Parties losing or tind- 
iug childi-en, will give information at the Cential Oiiice, or any 
of the Police Stations. To give an alarm of fire, turn the crank 
slowhj and regularly twenty times; should the bell in the Signal 
Box not answer, repeat the turns until answered. The bells of 
the Department will strike the No. of the box thus : If the alarm 

'comes from Bos 24, they will strike 2 i, 2 4 : if from 34, 

Strike 3 4, 3 4, &c. 



Co It) 



159 



Lisr OF Telegraph Fire Alarm Statioss. 



1 Central Statiox, Holiday st. 

2 Calvert and Lomhard streets 

3 Baltimore aid Hanover streeis. 

4 Pratt and Gay streets. 

5 Houk and Ladder Truck House, 

Harrison s'reet. 

6 Chnrle? and Camden streets. 

7 Howard and German streets. . 

8 Pratt Street Bridge 

9 Mulberry and CharJes streets. 

12 No. 3 Engine House, Lombard 

street. 

13 No. 2 Engine House, Barre street, 

near Sharp. 
li Ni>. 1 Truclv House, Faca street, 

near Faj'elte. 
15 No. 6 Engine House, Gay and 

Ensnr streets 
IG Aisquith and Douglas streets 

17 iSo 7 Engine House, Eutaw and 

Ross streets 

18 Western Police Station, 

Green st'-eet. 

19 Penn and Lombard_stree's. 
21 Bani< and E.veter streets. 

23 William and Montgomery sts. 

24 Caroline and Lombaid streets*. 

25 Bond and Jefferson streets. 

26 Light and Cross streets. 

27 Eastern Police Station, Bank 

street 

28 St. Paul and Fayette streets . 

29 Eutaw and Cross streets. 



Fremont and CoUim''ia streets. 

Franklin and Chatsworth siree.s. 

Beliirand Centra) Avenues. 

Richmond Market House. 

SouTHK-RN I'uMCE Stai'n, Mont- 
gomery and Sharp streets. 

('harles and Eager .'5t:eet3. 

North and Monument streets. 

Ellicott and Chesapeake streets, 
Canton. 

Harford Avenue and Eager st. 

Drawbridjie. foot of Falls. 

Frenion! and Lexington streets. 

Pratt anil Pcppleton streets. 

Front and Foundry streets. 

Calverton anrl Fi'ederick roads. 

No. 5 Engine House, Ann street 

Pennsylvania A v. and Dolphin 
street. 

Baltimore and Republican sts. 

Canton A v. and Chester street. 

Intersection of Fremont sL. and 
Pennsylvania Avenui^. 

Saratoga and Shroeder streets. 

Madison and Forrest streets. 

Broadway and Thrmies street. 

Lexington and Strieker streets. 

Pratt and Eutaw streets. 

Clay and Park streets 

Monument st. and (lover alley. 

Eutaw Place and Dolphin street. 

Canton Av. and Carolina- street. 

Baltimore and Wolfe streets. 



In cases of g^eneral alarm, requiring the service of the entire 
Department, the bells will be rung incessantly in quick succes- 



COXSULS AND VICE-CONSULS ' 

For Foreign Countries, can be ascertained by. reference to the 
Directory. 

COURTS. 



New U. S. Court House, corner Fayette and Nohth Streets. 

The State of Maryland is in the Fourth Judicial Circuit, 
which also includes Delaware and Virginia, and is assigned to 
the Chief Justice of the United States vSupreme Court. The 
Circuit Court of the United States for the Fourth Circuit, in 
and for Maryland District, is presided over by the Chief Justice 



160 Post Office aud Custom House. 



of the United States and the District Judpr^'. It is held on the 
1st Monday of April and November. The District Court of the 
United States for Maryland District is h(-ld -on the 1st Tuesday 
in March, June, September and December. Besides these, 
Baltimore city contains four Courts of different jurisdiction : 
The Superior Court, the Court of Cotnoion Pleas, the Circuit 
Court, the Criminal Court. The Superior Court, C<>uit of 
Common Pleas and Criminal Court, commence on the 2d Mon- 
day in January, May and September. The Circuit Court, on 
the 2d Monday in January, March, May, July, September and 
November. Admission to all these is generally unobstructed. 

POST OFFICE, 

Exchange Buildino^s. The Office is open durinp; the week in 
winter from 1^ A. M. to 9*P. M. ; in summer from 7 A. M. to 9 
P. M. On Sunday from 9 till 10 A. M. Stamps for pre-pay- 
ment of letters can be had at the Post Office. A time table of 
the departures of the steamers from Boston and New York, and 
eteamers for California, carryino; the mails, is placed in the 
rotunda of the Post Office. 

Rates of Postage. — Letters advertised are charged one cent 
each, besides rejjular postajre. Drop Letters are not advertised. 
A list of drop letters is placed in the rotunda of the Post OfGce 
every week. 

Station or Branch' Post Offices. 

The carriers will visit each Station or Branch Post Office in 
the city of Baltimore (under the new carrier system as inauou- 
rated by the Postmaster General, July 1st, 18G3,) three times a 
day, (Sundavs excepted,) commencinpr at the hours of 7 A. M., 
]1'A. M., and 2.30 P. M. By this system the letters for the 
outgoinof mails will be brought to the Post Office in time to be 
sent with the corresponding' mails, while the local or drop 
letters will be promptly delivered (within the city limits) as 
addressed, as often as three times each day, without charge or 
additional carriers' stamps. 

CUSTOM HOUSE, 

North-west corner of Gay and Lombard streets, Exchange 
Buildino;. Office hours from S A. M to 3 P. M. 



HACKNEY CARRIAGES AND THE RATES OF FARE. 

We furnish the law and regulations, complete, which apply 
to hackney caniages in this citv. and also advice and int'oi-ma- 
tiou to the safer mode of conducticiii' business with hackmen. 



Hackney Carriages. 161 



The law of 1865 provides that the Police Commissioners shall 
establish the rates of fare for "hackney carriao^es ". occupying 
public stands and soliciting? customers, which are o^iven below. 
It is important to remember that these rates do not apply ''to 
the owners of hackney carriaji^es who conduct their business 
exclusively at their respective sfables." They receive a " special 
license" from the city, and are not to "make use of, or ^o 
upon, or stand or wait for employment at any of the public 
stands for hacks, or at any other places," &c., under a penalty 
of $20. Of course, ichen cnrriagei are ordered from xtahles, by 
any person, he must make his own contract, or be subject to the 
propi-ietors' reasonable charg^es therefor. The owner of every 
hackney carriajje, occupyinc; a puJ»lic stand, &c., is prohibited 
from u)akitig any charge, or receiving? auy pay for the use of his 
hack, before he has his number conspicuously displayed, in 
letters two inches lon^, "on each side of his carriao^e. both 
within and without," and he is also liable to a fine of $10 for 
every day he neglects to do so. Neither can he claim any pay 
unless he has the prescribed lej^al rates of fare kept in " two 
conspicuous positions in the interior of his carriage." Every 
driver who shall ask or receive a higher sum than the legal rate 
of hire, or who shall omit, when asked, to inform any person 
using, or applying for the use of his carriage, or the number of 
his carriage, or the legal rates of fare, or who shall ''mislead, 
niisconvey, or insult by abusire language, or indecent or appro- 
brious language," any passenger, is subject to a line of $20 
therefor. 

The following are the rates of fare for the use of hackney car- 
riages, established by the Police Commissioners, under the law 
of 18G5, viz. : 

Steamboats and Railroad Stations. — To or from any steamboat 
or railroad station, to any hotel or private house in any part of 
the city, one passenger, 75 cents; for each additional passenger, 
25 cents; for each trunk, box, or bag, sufficiently large to be 
strapped on, 15 cents; no charge for small parcels putT in the 
cai'iiiige. 

City. — From any one point within the city limits to another, 
one passenger, 75 cents ; for each additional passenger, 25 
cents. 

Time. — For one hour, $1 50; for each additional hour, $1; 
same rates for all fractions of an hour, but no charge i'or less 
time than a quarter of an hour. 

Eceiiixg and Night. — For hacks taken from the stand to any 
part of the city, as follows: From 1st May to 3d September, 
inclusive, after 8 o'clock P. M., for a single passenger, 75 cents; 
if moi'e than one, each 50 cents; like sum for returning. Froui 
1st October to 30th April, inclusive, alter 7 o'clock P. M., the 
same; no charge for baggage. 

General Rules. — 1. An additional allowance for carriage only 
when sent from stand, 25 cents. 2. Children over ten years, 



IC2 Hackney Carriages. 



half price; under ten, no charfje. 3. The police force are 
strictly enjoined to enforce these rules. 

From the foregoing it will be seen that the legal charge for 
taking one passenger and one trunk to or from any railroad 
station or steamboat, is 90 cents. There is an additional charge 
of 25 cents in all cases where a carriage is sent for from the 
stand to go to the dwelling of the passenger. 

From all the facts presented, a judgment has been formed by 
those most experienced, as to the proper mode of doing business 
with hackmen from public stands, about as follows: To enter 
the hack without making an}^ bargain or inquiries. If the 
hackuian asks what you are to pay him, (which he has no right 
to do,) tull him the "legal rates." If he refuses to take you at 
the legal rates, you can report him, or the number of his hack, 
to any policeman, who has, according to official informafion, 
orders from the Commissioners of Police to arrest the driver 
and take him and his carriage immediately to the police station, 
and the driver is rendered liable to a prosecution for the olfense. 
After entering the carriage, and giving your directions, you 
can e.\;ainine the rates required to be posted on the inside, and 
tender the driver the proper amount when you leave it. If he 
refuses to receive it, and demands more, you should call a police- 
man, who will be found at every steamboat landing or railroad 
station, whose duty it is to settle the dispute and decide it, 
according to the legal rates. If the hackman refuses to be 
governed by the decision, it is the duty of the policeman to 
ari-est the "driver and take him and his hack to the police 
station. If no policeman is present when you leave the carriage 
at any place, you may pay the driver under protest, (if you 
cannot obtain your baggage without, ) and report the number 
of his hack to the police headquarters, or to any policeman in 
the streets. If the number of the hack and the rates of fare are 
not exhibited as required, the driver is not entitled to any pay 
whatever. 

From the foregoing it will be seen that citizens and strangers 
are abundantly protected fiom exactions, if they will but use 
the means which our laws and regulations attbrd them. It is 
but justice to hackmen to say that they are frequently imposed 
upon by unprincipled persons, and are often "more sinned 
against than sinning." We have no reason to suppose hack- 
men, as a class, are not as honest as those engaged in other em- 
ployments. It may be taken for granted that the large major- 
ity of them are always correct in their dealings, and if those 
who employ carriages would hold the drivers to strict account 
in all cases, the latter would have fewer temptations to conduct 
themselves so as to create complaints. 



Observations and Suggentions. 163 



OBSERVATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 

TTTHEX a stranjjer visits London, he enquires for St. Giles, 
VV Wappino: and Seven Dials, as well as tor St. Jhidc?, West- 
minster and Traralo:ar Square; and in New York the Five 
Point* and similar haunts of tilth are souii^ht out as eajrerly as 
the Fifth Avenue or Broadway. Baltimore has no localities so 
notoriously infamous as these, but some parts of her territory 
are similarly disreputable, thoufjh in a less decree. Portions 
of Canton and Eastern Avenues present a melancholy spectacle 
of sunken and dilapidated houses, reduced from a former (renera- 
tion of respectability to the vilest uses,— inhabited mo.-tly by 
the ignorant and vicious, and the frequent scene of quai-rels 
between intoxicated sailors and others. There are a number of 
narrow streets, such as South Sprinjj street, York street near 
Federal Hill, Sarah Ann street near Fremont, and sev-ral 
streets near Bel-Air Market, which show the evils of a crowded 
population, being overfilled by the poorest classes of whites and 
blacks. 

Several portions of Fell's Point appear rude and foreifrn, 
bein<; mostly tenanted by a German population, in houses still 
remaining from the former part of the century. On the Sab- 
bath, however, there is no locality which is cleaner and more 
attractive as a study. The newly arrived emigrants in their 
own native fashions, the sailors in their blue toggery, the sea- 
man's lioarding houses, the wharl-idlers, the ships lying lazily 
in the docks, as the tide swashes monotonously aj^ainst their 
sides; here and there some city missionary preaching to a mot- 
ley crowd; mothers and childi-en, mostly foreign, on the porches 
and in the windows, dressed tidily and looking into the street, 
as their only amusement, — all these simple elements form a 
study of moral as well as curious interest to the sight-seei', and 
afibid a contrast to the fashionable parts of town, sometimes 
productive of wholesome reflection. 



ANTIQUITIES. . 

Here and there through the city are still remaining old houses, 
interesting as relics or associated with history. But an old 
mansion in Mercer street near Light, is deserving of a special 
notice, as the only one remainiu;; from 1752. when the first 
drawing of the city was taken. It was occupied at that tuire by 
a Mr. KamiiieiiJcr/,\nd used as an inn for a cumber of years— 



164 Observations and Suggestions. 



the resort of the old population who have died out and left 
descendants to fjr.ow wealthy upon the cheap grounds then lying 
waste around it.* Tradition states that General Washinjrton 
and other disting-uished personages stopped at this house. It is 
located on what is now the corner of Grant and Mercer streets, 
but what vA'as then Bank street. Mercer street runs from Cal- 
vert to Light streets, and the antiquated house is but a few 
yaids from either — a decayed relic of the olden times, sur- 
rounded on all sides by modern improvements; — once one of the 
chiefest among 25 houses in Baltimore town, and now one of the 
least among 40.000 of Baltimore city. The first floor is now ten 
feet or more above the pavement, exposing the rough stones of 
the cellar as the present basement. When this part of toun was 
improved, Bank street was cut away and graded, leaving the 
old building "considerably elevated." The basin formerly 
reached to within thirty yards of this building, near the line of 
Little Water street, running from Light to Calvert. The house 
is of wood, and contains five dormer-windows, exactly as is 
represented in the old view, to be seen in the rooms of the His- 
torical Society. The interior shows a substantial stairway in 
excellent preservation, and several rooms, small and queer as 
compared with those of modern mansions, fitted with fire-places, 
wash-boards and chair-boards, and windows inserted like 
'' poke"-bonnets through the " hip-roof." The building is quite 
dilapidated and generally open to visitors. It is partly used for 
the storage of lumber, and occupied by a couple of the poorer 
class of families. A carpenter shop occupies an additional build- 
ing adjoining it in front. Those of our citizens, as well as 
strangers, who wish to see the oldest house in town, one at least 
a hundred and fifteen years old, would do well to visit it before 
its place is wanted for some warehouse or manufactory. A one- 
story, *' hip-roofed " house on Charles street, one door south of 
Lonibard, for twenty years past occupied by Mr. liichard Mur- 
dock as a scale manufactory, still remains from the earl v French 
occupants of that neighborhood, alluded to on page 22. This 
old house is considerably altered in front and the floor has been 
Icnvered four feet, but the interior timbers, some of which were 
cut on the ground, still remain, as also does the roof. The 
brick house in Charles street, directly opposite Uhler's alley, 
was the one mobbed by the rioters in 1812, alluded to on page 
50. The substantial building adjoining the Gilmor House was 
among those destroyed in 18j5 during the American Bank Uiots, 
and afterwards rebuilt. The old mud theatre on North street, 
near Saratoga, still di^jplays on the interior the decorations of 
gallery and dome, though now used for years past as a carriage 
warehouse. The Patterson mansion on South Gay street, 
afibrds recollections in connection with the name of Bonaparte. 

* The assessable property in the city is now estimated at one hundred 
and fifiy millions of dollara. 



ObservatioHS and Suggestions. 1G5 



Tliere are several old prave yards in the cit.y limits, which are 
full of memorial names btlnnjrino: to the history of our city. A 
number of squares of ground, now occupied by dwollinjj: houses, 
were once devoted to the burial of the dead, and many of the 
present dvvtUers little suspect that the dust of thousands of their 
fellow mortals lies min<rlfd with the soil beneath them. Uthei 
squares were once coveied bv jrardens and parks, in which were 
erected the suburban residences of the early wealthy citizens. 
Howard's, Stewart's, Tifianv's. McKi.u's and other ornamental 
grounds, are fast bein^r lost to memory beneath the accumu- 
latintr piles of biick and mortar ranjred upon their spacious 
exteiTt. '1 he spirit of improvement is sweeping: away everything 
In its path— old dwellinfrs, churches, gjardens, reservoirs, hiHj 
and streams— to make room for the business, .comforts and 
pU^asures of an increasing population. 

We may mention here as an item of interest, that whi e pre- 
parin^r for the foundation of the new buiidinjr on the south-west 
corner of Baltimore and Holiday streets, in 1866, the workmen 
discovered the remains of a human skeleton, embedded in the 
earth several feet beneath the cellar of the old house whicll 
had been demolished. Was it a murder come to light ? VVas it 
the relic of an Indian? The earliest residents ot Baltimore 
town lived around that spot, and there is probably no humaa 
being now living who can enlighten the quidnuncs on this 
question. 

PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 

Various suo'o-estions have been made from time to time for 
the improvenrent, or at least alteration of some portions of our 
citv. One of the widest ventilated schemes was that of the late 
Dr Buckler, who proposed that Federal Hill should be leveled 
and the basin filled up, driving all the shipping out to deeper- 
water in the more commodious harbor, and making new ground 
for the occupation of busine.-s streets. Such a plan would soon 
compel the erection of wharves on both sides ot the harbor 
down to the Lazaretto and Fort McHenry. But it is not likely 
that it will ever be adopted. The opponents of such a sweeping 
chan<re arcrue the many advantages of the basin, which, not- 
withrtanding it requires constant dredging, is one of the great- 
est conveniences of our port. . 

The removal of Federal Hill, though it may be required some 
day by the demands of the shipping interest, would be a oi^^aster 
tothe picturesqueness of the city. A better use tor that old 
land-mark would be. to wall it up substantially upon those sides 
rrquirin"- such an addition to render it secure, and preserve the 
summit for a perpetual park, whether the Fort were removed 
or allowed to remain as an object of historic interest, i ns is a 
favorite plan with many who appreciate the pleasures of tresll 
air and an elevated view. 



166 Observations and Suggestions. 



Another design relates jto the straighteninpr of Baltimore 
street — suj^o^sted by a gentleman whose name is in our posses- 
sion. Baltimore street is the principal thoroughfare of our 
city and will continue to be such ; but unfortunately it is very 
narrow at a point where the continual and increasing crowd 
requires additional room. To remedy this, and to preserve the 
direct route of the street across the entire city, a line com- 
mencing at the Falls, 20 feet wider than the present street, 
should be run diagonally across Plowman and Watson streets to 
the corner of Canal and Lombard streets. From this corner 
Lombard street runs in a line directly east, as if it were the 
real and proper continuation of Baltimore street. The business 
advantages of this neighborhood would be greatly increased by 
widening the street — the directness would add to its beauty and 
convenience for the people on the south-eastern side of the 
Falls; no detriment, it is presuuied, would result to the present 
East Baltimore street; and no property would be touched but 
what would be improved in value on the new route. Jjouis 
Napoleon has beautitied Paris by many such improvements ; 
London is also undergoing similar changes to facilitate travel 
and comform the streets to a greater regard for convenience and 
symmetry. Whether this suggestion will meet with considera- 
tion rests in the future with the enterprising residents of the 
parts to be benefited by such a change. Whatever change may 
be made here or elsewhere, the width of the street should 
always be guarded, never allowing it to be encroached upon, 
but, if possible, increased. 

Another suggestion carried out, would add materially to the 
convenience of travel on the most crowded streets. The tele- 
graph poles, with their web-like wires, and all other obstructing 
posts, should be removed — they are planted tliickest in the heai't 
of the city where the greatest throngs are required to pa.-s. The 
enforcement of the city ordinance which prohibits the encum- 
bering of sidewalks by boxes and rubbish, would be greatly ap- 
plauded by the ladies, whose dresses frequently sulier damage. 

Another decided advantage to traffic would be the widening 
of Light street along the whaif, by adding thirty feet or more 
to the solid ground, and thus making more room for the im- 
mense concourse of di-ays and carts, wood piles, steamboat 
freight, &c., usually crammed at great disadvantage into that 
narrow thoroughfare. 

The rapid running of the railroad cars along Pratt street, and 
especially past the wharf, is also much complained of, and 
should be forbidden under the severest penalties. No company 
has the rigbt«to endanger human life as done upon this street. 
Ever}' year several persons are maimed or killed upon this por- 
tion of the route, either by the cars coming in contact with 
vehicles, or running over persons unable to escape across the 
ti-ack. The authorities ought ceitainly control this matter and 
prescribe a less rate of speed for the cars. 



Observations and Suggestions. 167 



In all larg^e cities where improvements in buildinof are of con- 
stant recurrence, the public is fjreatiy annoyed by the demolish- 
inj: of houses and fallinj]^ of rubbish upon the pavement amidst 
dense clouds of dust, compelling pedestrians frequently to walk 
through the mud of the street in the worst weather/ Even in 
liroadway, New York, the same disadvantage occurs, where it 
certainly should have been remedied years ago. This could be 
prevented by the observance of an ordinance requiring in every 
case of building or outside repairs, the erection of a substantial 
frame causeway over the pavement, well covered on all sides to 
prevent the ingress of fine dirt, and open only at both ends to allow 
of passengers — the enclosure to be at least seven feet in width 
and height. Then the removal of houses with the infinite amount 
of rubbish, as well as their re-erection, could, in most cases, be 
effected without detriment to the ten thousands of people pass- 
ing the spot ; for all the materials required could be canied 
over the gangway, without threatening the lives of those who 
unwittingly pass beneath. Some exceptional cases would not 
allow of this safeguard, as in the digging of cellars under the 
pavement, &c., but it could be modified to suit all building 

•enterprises, with a view always to keeping the pavement aa 
unobstructed as prssible. Baltimore, Charles and other streets, 
like Broadway, New York, will probably never he Jinished, and 
it is in view of a constantly recurring daily nuisance that we 
urge this suggestion. 

One more improvement should be agitated until the humane 
among our wealthy land and house owners a'dopt it as a rule; 
and that is, the building of tenements with every appliance of 
ventilation, comfort and necessity, /or the ]joor, including in the 
plan the use of gas, water, suflicient drainage and yard room. 
If arbitrary power conid be exercised, the poor should never be 
allowed to' huddle together in narrow alleys and crowd by the 
hundred into single houses. The want of room, and the conse- 
quent want of cleanliness in such thronged neighborhoods pro- 
mote incalculable disease and immorality. However, indolent 
and vicious people would remain idle and filthy, even were 

"every aa vantage of wide streets and commodious houses afforded 
them, and no one ever expects a thorough change in the habits 
of all the poorer people. It is then to benefit a reasonable pro- 
portion of them that we would desire a radical reformation in ' 
the construction of streets and dwelling houses, as far as is pos- 
sible. Mr. Peabody made a laudable movement in the ri^ht 
direction in erecting his "blocks of houses in London, affording 
comfort and decency to the most indigent. Our city has not 
yet reached the extreme of overcroAvding as apparent in the 
greater marts of commerce, but sufficient examples of degrada- 
tion are to be found to awaken a general desire for improve- 
ment. Our city is destined to become immense — to extend over 
the undulating and convenient grounds for miles west and north 
of its present boundaries, until the great Park itself becomes 



168 Observations awrf Surff/estions. 



environed by a hive-likevthron<j of human life. In view of this 
probability, what will be the condition of our city's population 
in the year 1900 or 1050? Every step taken now to preserve 
wide streets, and decent, well ventihited dwullinjrs for the poor, 
must have its effect in enljir^jin^ the comfort, health and happi- 
ness of successive frenerations in these same streets and houses, 
besides educntinir them to a better life than to be content with 
kennel-like abodes in cellars and e:f«''''f^ts. To this end we urjre 
every one who reads and thinks, that it is wiser, more humane, 
and far more politic ev^-n in a mere pecuniary sense, to provide 
comfortable, well ventilated and lic^hted houses tor the poor, at 
the lowest cost of production, than to let them thronir into 
unwholesome haunt;s. I'uin by their habits the value of adjoininii^ 
properties, and afford at all times a malai-ious hot-bed in the 
heart of the city for the spread of pestilence. ' No municipal 
regulations can be too arbitrary whicli have honestly these con- 
siderations in view, and no expenditure is too o^reat, which suc- 
ceeds in elevatinn^ an entire community to the deofree of security 
and comfoi't which we contemplate as essential to a civilized and 
Christian city. 



A PUBLIC GALLERY OF ART. 

It would hardly be proper to close this article without allusion 
to a public necessity of another character, which is felt by all 
■who appreciate tTie refinins: tendencies of art and beauty. It is no 
mistake to say that Philadelphia, with its Academies of Natural 
Sciences and Fine Arts, has secured lars^e advantajres in every 
conceivable way by the establishment of these institutions, which 
are the best of the kind in the Ufiited States. The first named 
comprises an immense variety of natural curiosities, includins^ 
fossils, ^eolopical specimens, stuffeil beasts, birds, reptiles, in 
profusion, besides over a thousand human skulls, and other 
remains, from all pai'ts of the world. The suite of fjalleiies is 
open, free, to the public twice a week. The Academy of Fine 
Alts contains an extensive assortment of paintinirs, some by the 
first artists, and a collection of casts from the antique, compris- 
ing orioinal size copi<'S of all the most remarkable statuary of 
(.Jireece and Rome. This is open daily on pa_yment of a small 
fee. Besides these, the Mint has on exhibition, /Ve-', a collection 
of remarkable coin, medals, and other objects of cuiiosity. In 
this city, we have occasionally an exhibition of paintinjjs in the 
Maryland Institute and in the Athenteum, but none others, 
unless we except auction room exhibitions and the liberal dis- 
plays of our picture and frame dealers, whose g-alleries are fitted 
up regardless of cost and sometimes contain rare gems of art 
and genius. Butler, Perrigo & Way, on Charles street, Har- 
rington & Mills and Fryer, on Baltimore street, are foremost in 
their tasteful and judicious displays. Jt is therefore a question 



I Obnervution/i and Suggehtions. 



169 



of importance Whether we should not endeavor to establish a 
respectable Mcskum of Natural and SciENrirrc Cuhiositiks, 
Paintings and Si-atdary. It is understood that the J^eabody 
Institute may comprise within its walls the display of works of 
art, but there is room and need for a special academy for this 
purpose. A buildino^ devoted to tl^ese objects, located at an 
accessible position, would command interest beyond the limits 
of the city, and tend more to elevate and refine the rising: jjener- 
ation than all the theatres and concert rooms that commercial 
men are so earnest to establish to attract visitors from abroad. 
*The moral and elevated tastes of our visitors and citizens should 
be consulted equally with their desires for mere amusement or 
dissipation. Will not some of our public spirited citizens, who 
have at command all necessary resources, originate this new and 
valuable feature in our midst? There are no doubt piivate col- 
lections now available for the commencement of such an enter- 
prise. The honor attached to such an effort would be endurinsr, 
and excite emulation in the highest w^alks of genius through 
coming generations. 








CATHEDRAL. WASHINGTON MON. FIRST PRE3. CH. 



15 



1 ' ' rli 1 ll^^^^fflll i 


ii 


il 




m^^ 



Epitonfie of Historical Events in Baltimore. 171 



EPITOME* OF HISTORICAL EVENTS 
; m BALTIMORE. 

CECILIUS CALVERT, second Lord Baltimore, made Pro- 
prietary of Maryland by Charles 1 1632 

First settlement of St. 'Mary's 1634 

Baltimore County patented 1659 

First property bought on site of city by Thomas Gorsuch...l662 

Next tract purchased by Charles Mountenay 1663 

Third purchases L>y Thomas Cole and John Howard,... 1668 

First house built by David Jones 1680 

^^Baltcmore Town" laid out 1730 

St. Paul's Church founde-d 1731 

Population, 200 people 1752 

Twentv-live houses in the town (drawing made by J. 

Moale) 1752 

Settlement of French refugees from Nova Scotia 1756 

First Presbyterian Church erected 1756 

Old Town ("or Jones Town) laid out 1763 

First Market House built, north-west corner of Gay and 

Baltimore streets 1763 

Baltimore Town enlarged 1764 

First Fire Company organized, "The Mechanical," 1769 

First Wesleyan Methodist Church, in Strawberry alley 1773 

First newspaper, '"Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- 
tiser," ". 1773 

Second Methodist Church, in Lovely Lane, 1774 

Population, about 5,000 souls 1775 

First " Poor House" erected on Howard street.. 1775 

Congress assembled in house corner of Baltimore and 

Liberty streets 1776 

Three constables and fourteen watchmen comprise entire 

police 1780 

First Theatre 1780 

Fjrst Baptist Church, corner of Front and Fayette streets. ..1780 

First Friend's Meeting House, Aisquith street 1781 

Streets first regularly paved 1782 

First regular stages to Philadelphia 1782 

General, the Marquis de Lafayette, declared a citizen 1782 

Centre, Hanover and Point Market Houses erected, and oid 

one removed 1782 

Forty-five watchmen on regular duty (populati-- . i3.t)ol)..1790 
Fifty-three vessels, containing 1,000 whites aiiU 501) blacks, 

escape here from the Massacre at St. Domingo 1793 



172 Epitome of Hixtorical Events in BaCHmort,. 

Fort erected at Whetstone Point, now Fort M.j^HenV/ 1704 

Grand Lodsre of Masons orjranized | 1794 

Maryland Hospital for 'the Sick and Insane fourlded 1797 

Incorporation of Baltimore as a city 1797 

Funeral Rites of Washington, January 1st i 1800 

Population, 26,514 ^ 1800 

Elections ordered by ballot instead of viva voce) ISOO 

"American " newspaper founded \ 1801 

lUltiinore Orphan Asylum founded ..'. 1801 

Channel of Falls changed from o!d route by Cokirt House.. ..1803 
Visit of Jerome Bonaparte, brother of Napuledn I., aud his 

marriajre to Miss Patterson | .,..1803 

Water Company incorporated ,; 1808 

Cathedral commenced ; 1810 

Hibernian Society or<janized ...j, 1810 

"Niles' Register" first issued, September 7....^ 1811 

First steauiboat between Baltimore and Philadelphia 1813 

Old Masonic Hall erected 1813 

Battle of North Point, September 12, (Geiij, Ro[,s, British, 

killed,) 1814 

Bombardment of Fort McHenry by British fleet, Sept. 13. ..1814 

Washington Monument commenced, 4th July 1815 

Battle Monument commenced, September 12 1815 

Second Almshouse, west of the city, erected 1816 

Sunday Schools introduced 1817 

Odd Fellowship first regularly organized in America by 
Thomas Wildey — Washington Lodge, No. 1, organ- 
ized April 26 1819 

Population. 62,000 1820 

Visit of Lafayette and general wejcome 1824 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad commenced 1828 

Public Schools established 1829 

Baltimore and Susquehanna Uailroad commenced 1829 

Statue of Washington raised to summit of Monument 1830 

First daily penny paper started 1834 

Maryland Bank Riots 1835 

Excitement among mechanics — *' Ten hour system" intro- 
duced 1834 

Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad commenced 1836 

" Sun " newspap-^r commenced 1837 

Opening of Greenmount Cemetery, July 13 1839 

Mercantile Library Association organized 1839 

House of Refuge projected 1839 

Population, about 100,000 1840 

Manual Labor and Farm School organized 1840 

The '• Watliingtonian " temperance movement first organ- 
ized in Baltimore by six reformed drunkards 1840 

Funeral Kites of President Harrison 1841 

Visit of Charles Dickens— duly lionized 1843 

Explosion of steamboat Medora, April 20 1842 



Epitome of Historical Events in Baltimore. 173 



Old Mount Hopi? Asylum for the Insane opened 1844 

First Electric Telegraph, between Baltimore and Wash- 
ington....: 1844 

Funeral Rites of." President Jackson 18i5 

Funeral Rites of Ringgold, Watson and Ridgely 1846 

Illumination in honor of General Taylor's victories in 

Mexico...; 1847 

Burning of Knox's Factory and about fifty houses 1847 

Society for Impifoving the'Condition of the Poor organized.1849 

Population, aboiLit 169,000 1850 

Baltimore Cemetery opened 1850 

Funeral services of President Taylor 1851 

Visit of Kossuth!, Ex-Governor of Hungary, December 30. ..1851 

Visit of Jenny llind, April 29 1851 

Burning of St. Pjaul's Church 1852 

Post Office removed from JVorth street to the Exchange 1852 

Asylum for the L^lind incorporated 1853 

Maryland Institute erected 1854 

Peabody Institute \founded 1857 

Fire Department reorganized— steam introduced 1858 

City Passenger RaUways commenced 1860 

Park opened, Noveiiiber 17 1860 

Union Protestant Infirmary founded 1860 

Vifiit of Japanese Emipassy, June I860 

Visit of Prince of Wal-s, October 1860 

Municipal Reform and New Police organized (population 

217,000) : 1860 

Presidential Conventions — Nominations of Bell, Douglass 

and Breckenridge, and political processions 1860 

Intense excitement on fall of Fort Sumter, April 12 1861 

Attack of a mob on 6th Regiment of Massachusetts Volun- 
teers on their way throu-^h the city to Washington,* 
April 19 1861 



* "On the 19th of April, a body of United States troops, on their passage 
to the tederal capital through our streets, in obeflience to the ciill of the 
United States luithoiities, was assaulted by a rir>tous mob, their way 
barricaded, and numbers of them killed or seriously wounded. The 
escon and protection jriven by the Mayor of the city, aided by such force 
as the poliofi authorities deemed sufficient, did not insure the safety of 
the troops. The mob overcame this, and ihe ciiy authorities wer" power- 
less for their proicclioii. Several of our own citizens, innocent of evil 
intention on their part, were killed on Ihe spot, while others, both of our 
citizens sind those of our sister States, then wouiiled, h;ive since died. 
The excitement and alarm which have prevailed in our cily since that 
time have been ai>pallin<?. The peaceful pursuits of t ade sire almost 
entirely abandoned ; t le 1 iborer no longer has his hire, and our c lizeiis 
await in anxie'y the re-est iblishraent of law in our midst to assure them 
of safey to their wives and children."— -Address of Judge Bond to the 
Grand Jury, May 1, 1861. 

15* 



174 Epitome of Historical Evoits in Baiti more. 



Continued and unparalleled excitement — Harbc)r closed — 
Railroads and teleo^raplis cut — Gun shops broken 
open and weapons seized — Recruits drilled; for defense 
of city — Southern flaofs displayed — Muuici} al authori- 
ties in fjreat perplexity, April 20...; 1861 

Great alarm in anticipation of the advance of LT. S. troops 
from the North — 'Churches dismissed Sun'day, April 

21 v 1861 

Display of both United Slates and sectional flap:s prohibited 
for about twenty days, to prevent street conflicts, 

April and May ." .' 1861 

Occupation of Fedeial Hill bv 1,500 U. S. Volunteers under 

General Butler, May U 1861 

Occupation of Exchano;e and other public plac s, by U. S. 
Volunteers under General Banks — the Mayor and 
I'olice Commissioners deposed, and Col. Ij. P. Kenlj 

appointed Provost Marshal. June 27 , .".186J 

Geortje R. Dod^je, Esq., succeeds Col. Kenly as Provost 

Marshal. .July 9 1861 

Erection of Fort on Federal Hill bv New Vork 5th Regt. 

Vols. (Durvea Zouaves,) undeV Col. G. K. Warren. ..1861 

Erection of Fort "Marshall by U. S. Volunte.-rs 1861 

J. Lee Chapman, Esq., elected Mayor, October 8 1862 

Streets barricaded in anticipation of a Ir.outhern cavalry 

raid, .June 29 1863 

Vast increase of business and scarcity of unoccupied houses. 1864 
Republican Convention at Front Street Theatre, and re- 
nomination of President Lincoln, with Andrew John- 
son for Vice-President 1864 

Great Sanitary F'air for Relief of Union Soldiers, President 

Lincoln present, April 1864 

Erection of numerous earthworks around the city to repel 
invasion of Confederatrs, many of which still re- 
main — nio;ht alarm and arininp: of citizens, July 9 1864 

Abolition of Slavery by Maryland State Convention, No- 
vember 1 1864 

Western Maryland Railroad completed to Union liiidge 1864 

Funeral obsequies of President Lincoln, April 21 1865 

Dedication of Wildry Monument, April 20.. ._ 1865 

Grand illumination in commemoration of the fall of Rich- 
mond and close of the civil war 1865 

McDonoph Statue erected 1865 

Wideninij; of Holiday street and erection of new U. S. Court 

House ...1865 

Durinp^ 1861-5 many other incidents occurred of ^reat tem- 
poiary interest to the citizens, but as that entire 
period Nyas one of continued exciteujent we need not 
desi<rnate any additional items. 

New Mount Hope Asylum erected 1866 

Bay View Asylum erected 1S6C 



Epiti^me of Hutorical Events in Baltimore. 175 

Grand Southern Relief Fair, April 1 1866 

Extraordinary Hail Storm ; about 20,000 panes of glass 

destroyed, May 1 1866 

Convention of /American Medical Association in Concordia 

Opera House, May 1 1866 

Regular numbdr of police on active duty, about 350 1866 

Population estilmated at not less than 2^0,000 1866 



J. F. weishampel:, Jr. 

No. 8, under "Eutaw House," 



Corner of Baltimore and Eutaw Sts., Baltiriiore. 



PUBLISHES : 



PRAYER MEETING HYMN BOOK, Containing 330 Rj/mna 
and Chorusses. 11,500 copies sold. Price iO cents, sheep. 

ADVENTURES OF BALBOA.— Bound, GO cts. ; paper, 25 eta. 

CAREER OF JOHN MORTAL, an AUegovy. Price 35 cts. 

FIRST SCHOOL BOOK, \ For Children Learning to Read.— 
SECOND " *•' I 12mo., bo?.rds, price 20 cts. 

CHARACTER BOOKS, For use in Schools. 10 cts. 

POCKET MAP OF BALTIMORE CITY. 25 cts. 

THE STRANGER IN BALTIMORE, Comprising the Earhj His- 
tory and Present Condition of the City, luith a Description of its 
Notable Localities and other information useful to both Citizena 
and Strangers. — [Copyright Secured.] 

These and any other Books forwarded by mail to any part of 
the country, postage pre-paid, on receipt of the retail prices. 

*^* THE STRANGER IN BALTIMORE is printed from stereotyped 
plates, but tlie publisher designs to issue a new edition every year, 
amending and adding such information as may be necessary. He will 
thankfully receive any useful ficts and hints Avhich maybe suggested 
for the public beneSt, as it is his desire to make this little volume as 
comprehensive as possible of all th^t is actually required in a i>ocket 
Guide Book. A limited number of Advertisements will be received. 



SUBSTITUTE 

FOR 

The use of TJobacco has injured thousands of constitulions, and 
brought m:inv ipersons to debiliiy and an untimely end ifij^ Here is a 
SUBSilTUTE J^'UR TOBACCO, one that will biac« the nerves without 
injury, and warU, strengthen and regulate the stomach. Public speak- 
ers, soldiers Mndjsingers will find it an excellent ariicle to clear the voice 
and strengthen the breast; and all chewers, a good substitute to use 
when in the com pany of ladies, to avoid spitting in iheir parlors. 

B^" It is also good for colds, coughs, sore throat and dyspepsia. 

DIRECTIOXS:p— Tobacco chewers will take :i piece, the size of a grain 
of corn, whenevar Ihey fei I the craving for lobacco, letting it dissolve 
in the mouth, amV swallow the solution. With a little manly resolution, 
they will in a few\ months be able to do without tobacco and all substi- 
tutes. For cougtfs, &c., take a small piece every hour, till relieved. 
For a weak stomat-h, a jiiece eaten before or after each meal and on i-e- 
tiring to bed, will pe highly beneficial to the general health. The quan- 
tify to be taken is f'rom a quarter inch to an inch square, according to 
circumstances. TheJ;e is nothing injurious in the article. 

SOhh WHOLESALE AND RETAIL AT 

WEISHAMPEL'S BOOKSTORE, 

(manufacturer's sole agency for MARYLA.ND.) 
PRICE 15 CENTS A PACKAGE. 



TABLE OF DISTANCES BY RAILWAY. 

FROM BALTIMORE TO 



MILIiS. 

Annapolis, Md 35 

Boston, Mass 421 

Charleston, S. C 606 

Charlottes V ille, Va 155 

Chicag'.. Ill 801 

Cincinnati, 580 

Cleveland, 517 

Columbus, O ...512 

C-ulpeper, Va 107 

Cumberland, Md 178 

Detroit, Mich 697 

Frederick, Md ... ., 62 

Fredericksburg, Va 108 

Gettvsburs?, i'a 63 

Gordons vil e, Va 134 

Hanover, Pa 46 

Harper's Ferry, Va 81 

Harrisburg, Pa 85 

Indianapolis, Ind 700 

Lancaster, Pa 80 



• MILF8. 

Louisville, Ky.... 716 

Lynchburg, Va ....216 

Manassas, Va 72 

Marlinsburg, Va lOO 

Milwaukie, Wis 886 

Montreal, ''anada 5S6 

Nashville, 'I'^nn 900 

New Orh-ans La 1,384 

New York, N. Y 185 

Petersburg, Va 191 

Philadelphiii, Pa. 98 

Richmond, Va 17<» 

Sandusky, Ohio 595 

Savannah, Ga 716 

St. Louis, M» 920 

Washington. I). 38 

Westminster, Md. 20 

AVilminston, Del 70 

Wilmington, N. C 406 

York, Pa 57 



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BALTIMORE FEMALE COLLEGE. , , r 




SUN OFFICE— FIRSt. IRON BUILDING ERECTED IN BALTIMORE. 




"eutaw house." 



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